Evaluation of peripheral blood neutrophil leucocytes in lead-exposed workers

Lorenzo, Luigi Di; Silvestroni, A; Martino, Maria Giuliana; Gagliardi, T; Corfiati, Marisa; Soleo, Leonardo

doi:10.1007/s00420-005-0073-4

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Serum levels ofTNF-a and G-CSF were found to be clearly higher in workers exposed to low-moderate doses of lead as compared with NE workers. ANC was confirmed to be significantly higher in E workers than NE workers, as reported in a previous study (10). When smoking status was considered, current smokers had higher levels of TNF-a and G-CSF than non-smokers among E workers and, to a smaller extent, among NE workers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…chemotaxis (8)(9) and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in lead-exposed workers (8). Moreover, we previously reported a significantly higher blood absolute neutrophil count in lead-exposed workers with respect to non-exposed controls (10). This effect resulted to be dose-dependent and a significant interaction of lead exposure with smoking habit was also demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

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Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alphaand Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Serum Levels in Lead-Exposed Smoker Workers

Lorenzo

Vacca

Corfiati³

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Inorganic lead (Pb) is able to modulate the immune response even at low to moderate exposure levels. It inhibits in vitro and in vivo activities of neutrophilleucocytes and influences their blood count in humans. Neutrophil functions are governed by a number of cytokines. Pb has been shown to affect leukocyte production of some ofthese cytokines in vitro. The objective ofthis study is to assess serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels of thirty-three male lead-exposed (E) workers at a lead recycling plant as compared with twenty-eight male non-exposed (NE) workers at a food processing plant, whose current smoking habit was known. Serum TNF-a and G-CSF levels were measured by a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Blood lead levels (Pb-B) were significantly higher in E (geometric mean (GM) 30.7 pg/dl, GSD 1.7; min-max: 9.1-81.6 pg/ dl) workers than controls (GM 3.6 pg/dl, GSD 1.7; min-max: 1.0-11.0pg/dl). E workers had significantly higher serum TNF-a (median: 107.1; min-max: 11.1-623.0 pg/ml) and G-CSF levels (median: 53.0, min-max: 31.1-197.0 pg/ml) than NE workers (TNF-a: median: 12.0; min-max: 9.4-18.8 pg/ml; G-CSF: median: 34.3, min-max: 25.1-52.2 pg/ml). In particular, the TNF-a level was shown to be significantly influenced by lead exposure and smoking habit, as well as by interaction between these two factors. Both serum TNF-a and G-CSF levels were correlated with Pb-B and absolute neutrophil count. This study is the first to detect higher serum levels of G-CSF in E over NE workers. Our data confirm that exposure to low to medium doses of lead may interfere in the complex cytokine network involved in inflammation, especially in workers who are current smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alphaand Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Serum Levels in Lead-Exposed Smoker Workers

Lorenzo

Vacca

Corfiati³

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…Long-term lead exposure can cause encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive delays, anemia, and digestive and renal issues [ 1 , 2 ]. Chronic occupational lead poisoning is an issue in China, and unfortunately is also common in European countries and the U.S. [ 3 , 4 ]. Long-term lead exposure below occupational exposure limits (OELs) may cause a variety of sub-clinical problems, as well as chronic lead poisoning [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], suggesting that existing OELs may need amendment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Response Relationship between Cumulative Occupational Lead Exposure and the Associated Health Damages: A 20-Year Cohort Study of a Smelter in China

Huang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Long-term airborne lead exposure, even below official occupational limits, has been found to cause lead poisoning at higher frequencies than expected, which suggests that China’s existing occupational exposure limits should be reexamined. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1832 smelting workers from 1988 to 2008 in China. These were individuals who entered the plant and came into continuous contact with lead at work for longer than 3 months. The dose-response relationship between occupational cumulative lead exposure and lead poisoning, abnormal blood lead, urinary lead and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) were analyzed and the benchmark dose lower bound confidence limits (BMDLs) were calculated. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between cumulative lead dust and lead fumes exposures and workplace seniority, blood lead, urinary lead and ZPP values. A dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative lead dust or lead fumes exposure and lead poisoning (p < 0.01). The BMDLs of the cumulative occupational lead dust and fumes doses were 0.68 mg-year/m3 and 0.30 mg-year/m3 for lead poisoning, respectively. The BMDLs of workplace airborne lead concentrations associated with lead poisoning were 0.02 mg/m3 and 0.01 mg/m3 for occupational exposure lead dust and lead fume, respectively. In conclusion, BMDLs for airborne lead were lower than occupational exposure limits, suggesting that the occupational lead exposure limits need re-examination and adjustment. Occupational cumulative exposure limits (OCELs) should be established to better prevent occupational lead poisoning.

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“…On the basis of these observations, Quieroz et al [46] suggested that immune dysfunction may be a sensitive indicator of exposure to Pb. More recently, Di Lorenzo et al (2006) reported an association between Pb exposure and the numbers of circulating neutrophils, with the strongest association being observed in occupationally-exposed workers who smoked [49]. This latter observation is not surprising given the well-recognized association of smoking with: i) neutrophilia [50]; and ii) increased levels of Pb in the blood of smokers as described above.…”

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Although the authors speculate that increased numbers of circulating neutrophils may represent a mechanism to compensate for Pb-mediated immune dysfunction, they concede that it is more likely to reflect a neuroendocrine response to toxicity/stress. In this setting, increased production of endogenous glucocorticoids and catecholamines may contribute to both neutrophilia and neutrophil dysfunction possibly by interfering with the adhesion of these cells to vascular endothelium [49].…”

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful Interactions of Non-Essential Heavy Metals with Cells of the Innate Immune System

Theron¹,

Tintinger²,

Anderson³

2011

J Clin Toxicol

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Evaluation of peripheral blood neutrophil leucocytes in lead-exposed workers

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alphaand Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Serum Levels in Lead-Exposed Smoker Workers

Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alphaand Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Serum Levels in Lead-Exposed Smoker Workers

Dose-Response Relationship between Cumulative Occupational Lead Exposure and the Associated Health Damages: A 20-Year Cohort Study of a Smelter in China

Harmful Interactions of Non-Essential Heavy Metals with Cells of the Innate Immune System

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