Evaluation of peritraumatic distress at the point of care: A cross-sectional study

Anxiety and Depression during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Coping Strategies

“…Additionally, a recent change in sleep habits was predictive of increased anxiety and depressive symptoms; conversely, a daily sleep duration greater than 7 h was a protective factor. In line with our results, other studies have found an association between poor sleep quality and peritraumatic distress [3] and affective symptoms [58,59].…”

“…Indeed, work activities can help in emotional regulation thus distracting from epidemic-related information [52]. Furthermore, perceived job insecurity, job changes, loss of employment, and fear of unemployment are significant concerns that contribute to negative affective states, including peritraumatic distress and mood disorders [3,[53][54][55]. The previous literature found greater anxiety in people with a recent restraint or with a family member in quarantine, which is consistent with our finding of a negative effect of a family member with recent RPHSMs [1, 56,57].…”

“…Furthermore, peritraumatic distress associated with COVID-19 has been shown to predict not only posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but also depressive and anxious disorders [4], and, in general, an increased risk of psychopathology [1,2]. Although the entire population underwent the same pandemic crisis, its devastating effects on mental health varied greatly between individuals, suggesting that individual resilience, including coping strategies, could have contributed to mitigating the severe consequences of peritraumatic stress [3]. Coping strategies are "cognitive and behavioral efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the internal and/or external demands that are created by the stressful transaction" [5].…”

Altered brain regional homogeneity is associated with depressive symptoms in COVID-19

“…Moreover, chronic inflammation conditions associated with general distress, fear, concerns about infecting others, grief, anger, social isolation, loneliness, and stigmatization could have a direct impact on mental health in patients with COV, resulting in depression ( Deng et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2020 ; Prati and Mancini, 2021 ). Additionally, the secondary effects of economic disruption related to the pandemic, including unemployment, insecure employment, changes in work (job loss or switch to smart working), and poverty, have been reported to produce an increase in peritraumatic distress ( Pontoni et al, 2022 ), depressive and suicidal behavior ( Brenner and Bhugra, 2020 ), which in turn has been associated with increased levels of inflammation ( Miola et al, 2021 ). Notably, psychiatric symptoms tend to persist after the acute phase, with 35 % of survivors of COVID-19 showing these symptoms for more than six months after discharge ( Ahmed et al, 2020 ).…”