Evaluation of pH, Calcium Ion Release, and Dimensional Stability of an Experimental Silver Nanoparticle-Incorporated Calcium Silicate-Based Cement

Abstract

An experimental calcium silicate-based root-end filling material incorporated with silver nanoparticles intended for use in periapical surgeries was developed with the purpose to overcome the drawbacks of existing materials and to satisfy the ideal requirements of root-end filling materials. This study was designed to evaluate the physicochemical properties, pH, calcium ion release, and dimensional stability of the experimental cement, and compare the results with commercially available ProRoot MTA (Dentsply). An independent sample test was used to analyze the data. Mean initial pH (immediately after mixing) of the experimental cement was 10.42 ± 0.04 which was higher than that of MTA. However, there was a significant increase in pH of MTA at 1 day, 2 days, and 7 days. Presence of calcium chloride favored the release of calcium ions which was significantly increased in the experimental group at 24 hours. At the end of 30 days, MTA showed a significant expansion when compared to the experimental cement p < 0.001 . In conclusion, the experimental nanoparticle-incorporated calcium silicate-based cement showed clinically acceptable physicochemical properties.

Reparative Calcified Barrier Characterization after Mixing Injectable-Platelet Rich Fibrin with Bioactive Direct Pulp Capping Agents; An Exp. Study.

“…It has been also noticed that, the in ammatory pulp response to MTA and BBG with i-PRF seems to be less intense [11] . This might be attributed to the fact that, immediately after preparation for use, MTA has a signi cantly lower pH (approximately 10.2) and during the setting period, which takes about 4 h, the pH of MTA can increase to 12.5, this initial pH of MTA, when it has been placed in contact with the exposed pulp tissue, justify the occurrence of a more severe pulp injury [25] . Therefore, there is a relationship between the in uence of agents' pH and the pulp response pattern, Torabinejad et al (1995).…”

Application of Nanomaterials in Endodontics

“…Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent tissue reaction and biocompatibility, as observed in a rat model, with no significant adverse effects in subcutaneous tissue compared to control implants without Ag NPs [ 195 ]. Additionally, Ag NPs addition increases calcium ion release from MTA, crucial for promoting new bone tissue growth and expediting the healing process [ 196 ].…”

“…Moreover, incorporating Ag NPs is reported to reduce the setting time of MTA and accelerate silicates’ hydration and potentially enhance the material’s utility [ 197 ]. It is also reported to improve dimensional stability, vital for proper tissue regeneration, and serves as an excellent radiopacifier, overcoming MTA’s low radiopacity for clearer radiographic observations [ 196 , 198 ].…”

Silver Nanoparticles and Their Therapeutic Applications in Endodontics: A Narrative Review

“…The biocompatibility and sealing ability of calcium silicate cements such as MTA have also shown promising results. Bioactivity is another notable characteristic which affects the surrounding tissues [ 128 ].…”

“…The addition of calcium chloride (an accelerant) and AgNPs to calcium silicate-based cements resulted in favorable physicochemical properties such as higher initial pH, release of calcium ions, and optimal dimensional stability. Such factors contribute to a germ-free environment and enhance healing, which are important in endodontic surgery [ 128 ]. Silver nanoparticles have been proven to be biocompatible, particularly at low concentrations [ 129 ].…”