Evaluation of pharmacokinetic models for perfusion imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in porcine skeletal muscle using low‐molecular‐weight contrast agents

Abstract

Double-contrast agent DCE-MRI in combination with the E2CXM yields the most reliable results and can be used in clinical routine. Magn Reson Med 79:3154-3162, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Fractional calculus tracer kinetic compartment model for quantification of microvascular perfusion

“…Moreover, in a previous study (Hindel et al 2018), we showed that a 2-compartment exchange (2CX) model for fast extravasating LMCA could not properly fit the data in the presented porcine experiments. Instead we had to include a 2-compartment blood pool model fitted to the data of predominantly intravascular remaining CA and extend the 2CX model by a non-nutritive low resistance flow compartment.…”

“…In the presented study, blood flow was measured using DCE-MRI with administration of a BPCA (0.25 mmol ml −1 gadofosveset trisodium; Vasovist, Bayer Schering, Berlin, Germany/Ablavar, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc., USA). The BPCA was administered at a dose of 0.1 ml kg −1 body weight and an injection rate of 5 ml s −1 , followed by 20 ml 0.9% saline solution at the same injection rate (for more details see Hindel et al 2018). In healthy microvessels, the BPCA gadofosveset trisodium is retained intravascularly within the first minute of intravenous injection.…”

“…However, gadofosveset trisodium binding to albumin leads to a marked increase in the relaxation rate (Richardson et al 2012). Therefore, partial extravasation of unbound gadofosveset trisodium is negligible in the determination of physiological parameters using BPCA methods in healthy tissue (Hindel et al 2017(Hindel et al , 2018.…”

“…The BPCA experiments took place in the context of a larger double-contrast study, with additional use of LMCA (Hindel et al 2018). There was at least 30 min between MRI examinations with the two CAs, LMCA and BPCA.…”

“…However, in general, it can be assumed that complex dynamics already emerge when extravasation is neglected and only intravascular blood flow is considered (Hindel et al 2018). For example, there is no theoretical basis for the exclusive assumption of exponential tails of drug disposition distributions in living biological tissue (Weiss 2014, Macheras andIliadis 2016); instead, an ubiquity of inverse power-laws is observed in physiology (West 2014).…”