Evaluation of pharmacologic therapies accompanied by behavioural therapy on smoking cessation success: a prospective cohort study in Turkey

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to compare the rate of smoking cessation in the first month, third month, sixth month, first-year, and second year among those who quit smoking following different pharmacological and behavioural therapies administered at the Selcuk University's Smoking Cessation Clinic in Turkey. METHODS: In this study, 3322 people who presented to the clinic in order to quit smoking were advised one of the most suitable medical treatments (varenicline, bupropion, NRT) accompanied by behaviour therapy after their health queries and examinations were made and Fagerström scores were evaluated. Smoking cessation patients were followed up clinically and by making calls after smoking cessation. RESULTS: The smoking cessation success rate in the cases using varenicline in the first month was 63.5% (766/1206), in the third month 46.8% (548/1170), in the sixth month 32.1% (386/ 1201), first year 25.6% (298/1163), and 19.9% (211/1059) in the second year. The success rate in the cases using bupropion in the first month was 49.9% (559/1120), in the third month 35.6% (405/1138), in the sixth month 26.4% (319/1210), first year 21.9% (261/1192), and 16.0% (133/832) in the second year. The success rate in the cases using NRT was 53.2% (25/ 47) in the first-month, 24.3% (9/37) in the third-month, and 27.3% (6/22) in the sixth-month assessments. The rates of smoking cessation in the cases using varenicline and behavioural therapy in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th month were significantly higher compared to the cases using bupropion and behavioural therapy (p = .000, p = .000, p = .008, p = .034, and p = .028; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It has been observed in this study that varenicline as a smoking cessation drug is better tolerated than other medications and it seems to be more effective.

Evaluation of Changes in The Hematological Parameters, Lipid Profile and Depressive Symptoms Before and After Smoking Cessation Treatment

“…Similarly, it is stated in the study by Marakoğlu et. al that smoking cessation period in the group using varenicline was longer than bupropion and NRT (28).…”

Tobacco cessation programs and factors associated with their effectiveness in the Middle East: A systematic review

“…The outcomes and aims of the included studies are summarized in Table 3. The most commonly reported outcome was the quit rate (n=18) 36,37,40,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] , followed by cessation rate (n=8) 39,41,[56][57][58][59][60][61] , sustained abstinence (n=1) 35 , fail to quit (n=1) 62 , cessation survival rate (n=1) 38 , and success rate (n=1) 35 . The majority of studies utilized a self-reported questionnaire to estimate quit rates, while some others used the carbon monoxide breath test to determine quitting state (n=19) 35-37,39-41,43,44,46-48,50-53, 55-57,59 .…”

“…A number of individual factors are associated with the effectiveness of TC programs. For example, factors found to be associated with reduced effectiveness include individual withdrawal symptoms 39,45,47,57,63 , high nicotine dependence rate 36,38,43,49,52,60,62,63 , poor knowledge on how to quit 45 , change in attitudes and behaviors 43,56 , stress 47,48 , number of cigarettes smoked per day 62,63 , inability to afford higher priced medications 49,50,62 , and concern about gaining weight 51,63 . Other individual factors that were found to be associated with effective TC programs included older age 51,62 , female gender 61 , knowledge on the benefits of tobacco cessation 35,59 , health issues 41,47,53,54,59,[61][62][63] , higher education level 48,54 , religious beliefs 59 , and adherence to treatment 51 .…”

Family Therapy in Cigarette Addiction: 7 Case Report

“…Passive exposure to cigarette smoke contributes to the development of cardiac diseases, cancer and other diseases, causing about 1.2 million additional deaths per year (1). In the literature, it is thought that there will be 8 million deaths worldwide due to smoking in 2030 (2). Tobacco causes addiction with nicotine and may cause cardiovascular diseases, stroke, chronic lung disease, lung cancer and other types of cancer (3,4).…”