Evaluation of Phyllanthus emblica extract on cold pressor induced cardiovascular changes in healthy human subjects

Abstract

Background:Acute and chronic stress is a risk factor for the development and progression of coronary artery disease. Increased arterial stiffness is an independent marker for cardiovascular disease. Cold pressor test (CPT) is known to be associated with substantial activation of the autonomic nervous system.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract on cold pressor stress test induced changes on cardiovascular parameters and aortic wave reflections in healthy human subjects.Materials and Methods:This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants were randomized to receive either two capsules of P. emblica extract 250 mg (containing aqueous extract of P. emblica, highly standardized by high-performance liquid chromatography to contain low molecular weight hydrolysable tannins emblicanin-A, emblicanin-B, pedunculagin and punigluconin) or two capsules of placebo twice daily for 14 days. Pharmacodynamic parameters such as heart rate, augmentation pressure, augmentation index (AIx), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), radial and aortic blood pressure (BP) were recorded before and after CPT at baseline and end of treatment. After washout period of 14 days, subjects crossed over to the other treatment and the same test procedure was repeated again. Safety assessments were done at baseline and at the end of treatment.Results:A total of 12volunteers completed the study. Compared with baseline and placebo, P. emblica extract produced a significant decrease of mean percent change in the indices of arterial stiffness (AIx, radial and aortic BP) and increase in SEVR, an index of myocardial perfusion with CPT. Both treatments were well-tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:Proprietary P. emblica extract, showed a significant decrease in cold pressor stress test induced changes on aortic wave reflections.

Antihypertensive and pleiotropic effects of Phyllanthus emblica extract as an add‐on therapy in patients with essential hypertension—A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial

“…In a prospective clinical study done to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Phyllanthus emblica, hypertensive patients achieved lower blood pressure levels (Gopa, Bhatt, & Hemavathi, 2012). In another study, Phyllanthus emblica reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures along with augmentation index (Fatima, Pingali, & Pilli, 2014). Our results did not corroborate prior findings.…”

Supplementation of a Standardized Extract fromPhyllanthus emblicaImproves Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Platelet Aggregation in Overweight/Class-1 Obese Adults

“… 7–10 CAPROS ® is a standardized aqueous extract of the edible fruit of Phyllanthus emblica (amla) containing about 60% of low-molecular-weight hydrolyzable tannins such as Emblicanin-A, Emblicanin-B, Punigluconin, and Pedunculagin. 11 Recently, studies on Indian population investigating the effect of CAPROS on endothelial cell dysfunction and platelet aggregation in subjects with type 2 diabetes reported a significant decrease in lipid and blood glucose levels, as well as inhibition of platelet aggregation. 11–13 The current study sought to determine the effect of oral supplementation of CAPROS on CVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, C reactive protein (CRP), and high- sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and platelet aggregation in overweight/Class-1 obese adult human subjects from the US population.…”

Protective Cardiorenal Effects Of Tropaeolum majus L. In Rats With Renovascular Hypertension

“…This initiative could encourage the improvement of adherence to pharmacological treatment, offering a product with great popular appeal and pharmacological effects complementary to conventional therapies. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In this study, it was shown for the first time that prolonged treatment with an ethanol extract obtained from T. majus is able to prevent the evolution of renovascular hypertension in 2K1C rats, showing a significant reno-and cardioprotective effect. According to previous data, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) played a prominent role in the oxidative stress and renovascular hypertension.…”