Evaluation of physicochemical and heavy metals characteristics in surface water under anthropogenic activities using multivariate statistical methods, Garra River, Ganges Basin, India

Khan, Mohd Yawar Ali; Wen, Jiahong

doi:10.4491/eer.2020.280

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Similarly, the COD values were highest at KD (56.00 mg L −1 ) during March and the lowest at UR (9.13 mg L −1 ) during January, which are in good agreement with the reported values by Khan and Wen (2021), values ranged from 8 to 51 mg L −1 and by Akinbile and Omoniyi (2018) 18 to 49 mg L −1 . Higher value of COD beyond the permissible limit set by WHO (10 mg L −1 ) might be due to the discharge of chemicals and organic fertilizer, and the discharge of municipal effluent (Al-Badaii et al 2013).…”

Section: Physicochemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of water quality of Angereb reservoir: a chemometrics approach

et al. 2023

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Deterioration of water quality of lakes and reservoirs has become major global concerns that impose serious environmental impacts for both aquatic and terrestrial environments. In the current study, many parameters like temperature (Temp), electric conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity (TU), pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solids (TDS), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate(NO3−), phosphate (PO43−) and chlorophyll a (chl-a) were determined. The study covered the Angereb reservoir and its tributaries on a monthly basis from January to March 2019 at five sampling stations in accordance with APHA 2017 guide lines for physicochemical analysis. The values of all the investigated parameters, except DO (at AU, AD, KU and KD), COD and TU, were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. Thus, the findings for DO, TU and COD demonstrated that remedial actions should be taken to improve the quality of the water in the reservoir and its tributaries. Multivariate statistical methods (PCA and CA) were applied to detect spatial and temporal variations of water quality parameter. The first three principal components were enough to develop the PCA score plot which explained about 71.32% of the total variance in the dataset. The PCA and CA have provided similar information; grouped the 24 samples into 3 significant clusters showing spatial variations but minimal temporal variations were observed within the samples collected in the period of January in the reservoir site. The water quality parameters, TU and BOD, were moderately positively loaded on the space of the first principal component and were found to be associated with each other, whereas the EC and TDS have shown moderate negative loading and positively associated with each other. This study suggested PCA and CA methods found to be useful tools for monitoring and controlling water quality parameters for selected sampling stations of surface water.

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Section: Physicochemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of water quality of Angereb reservoir: a chemometrics approach

et al. 2023

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“…The amount of suspended solids present directly affects turbidity (Bhutiani et al, 2016;Ruhela et al, 2020;Bojago et al, 2023). Additionally, river water turbidity can result from weathering, runoff from unclean roadways and agricultural fields, and soil erosion (Gupta et al, 2017;Khan et al, 2021;Roy et al, 2021). The average turbidity of the river was measured at 30.56±13.29 NTU.…”

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…observed the pH of the Narmada River to be neutral to somewhat alkaline, with a pH range between 7.1 and 8.8. Khan et al (2021) reported that the pH values of the Ganga and its tributaries ranged from 6.6 to 8.7. The alkaline characteristics of river bodies may be attributed to the presence of bicarbonate ions.…”

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Domestic and Industrial Effluent Disposal on Physicochemical Characteristics of River Malin at Najibabad City, India

Ameta,

Mohsin Kamaal,

Ahamad

2023

AgroEnviron. Sustain.

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The current study aimed to assess the health of the Malin River situated in Najibabad city, India by analyzing several physicochemical parameters. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of industrial and domestic wastewater on the river's health. The study was conducted over six months, from January to June 2023, at four different locations along the river. To calculate the water quality index (WQI), the data was further processed, and Pearson correlation was utilized. Except for site 1, most of the analyzed physicochemical parameters exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) limit, as indicated by the results. The utilization of river Malin water for irrigation, laundry, and vegetable cleaning may pose a health hazard to the public due to high contamination levels at the points where industrial (site 2) and domestic (site 3) effluents continuously mix with the river water. The water quality at all locations is deemed unsuitable for consumption due to a WQI score greater than 100. There are strong positive correlations between total dissolved solids (TDS) and other studied parameters, except for dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and turbidity. This suggests the presence of inorganic pollutants concerning organic pollutants. Wastewater treatment facilities are necessary along river coasts to conserve river flora and fauna, as well as water quality, to safeguard human and river health.

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“…This is critical for the sustainable and efficient management of water resources of river basins. Very few studies have assessed the interaction of surface water and groundwater and its effect on water quality (Brindha et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhu et al, 2019;Johnstone et al, 2022;Khan et al, 2019;Khan and Wen, 2021). Such surface water and groundwater interactions holds much significance in nonperennial rivers since they possess peculiar hydrology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geogenic and anthropogenic contamination in river water and groundwater of the lower Cauvery Basin, India

Keerthan

Ramesh

Elango

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Degradation of water quality is a major challenge in both developed and developing countries since it poses a great risk to ecological health. The Cauvery river is one of the most important rivers of southern India, where the effect of seasonal variation on the quality of river water and its adjoining groundwater on the lower part of the basin has not yet been studied. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the river water and adjacent groundwater for drinking and irrigational purposes, and also to identify the sources affecting the water quality. About 118 river water and 131 groundwater samples were collected over 4 months from May 2018 to August 2019. The water samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, major and minor ions, and trace elements. The major, minor, and trace elements were then compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organization for drinking water quality assessment. The drinking water quality was assessed, indicating that both river water and groundwater were unsuitable in the coastal regions, especially during dry seasons. Irrigation water quality was also assessed, which indicates that most of the river water and groundwater samples were unsuitable near the coastal region. The quality of river water and groundwater in the lower Cauvery Basin was found to be better during wet periods compared to the dry season. It was observed that the rock–water interactions was the major factor controlling the water quality for groundwater and surface water, followed by anthropogenic activities such as disposal of domestic sewage and effluents into the river, as runoff from irrigated lands. The study emphasizes the development of a finer observational network for water quality, along with stringent monitoring of the disposal of contaminants in the rivers and groundwater.

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Evaluation of physicochemical and heavy metals characteristics in surface water under anthropogenic activities using multivariate statistical methods, Garra River, Ganges Basin, India

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Evaluation of water quality of Angereb reservoir: a chemometrics approach

Evaluation of water quality of Angereb reservoir: a chemometrics approach

Impact of Domestic and Industrial Effluent Disposal on Physicochemical Characteristics of River Malin at Najibabad City, India

Geogenic and anthropogenic contamination in river water and groundwater of the lower Cauvery Basin, India

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