Evaluation of phytotoxic and mutagenic effects of some cinnamic acid derivatives using the Triticum test

Abstract

Kumar et al., 2010). The Triticum test has 2 targets: toxicity and mutagenicity assessment. Toxicity is associated with growth inhibition, while mutagenicity is correlated with the rate of chromosome disturbances (Fiskesjo, 1985).Cinnamic acid derivatives are important compounds with a wide range of biological activities: antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumoral (Da Cunha et al., 2004;Narasimhan et al., 2004;Xu et al., 2005;Sharma, 2011). Some cinnamic acid derivatives are naturally occurring substances found in various plants. Cinnamic acid can also be found in free form, but it is especially common in the form of esters. Cinnamic esters are obtained from various plant sources and are very important in perfumery, the cosmetic industry, and pharmaceutics. Methyl caffeate is found in Gaillardia pulchella, Gochnatia rusbyana, Notopterygium incisum, and the fruits of Linum usitatissimum and is reported to possess both antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate, found in Piper longum, has an important role in controlling inflammatory diseases (Sharma, 2011).Hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic, and coumaric) and their derivatives are extremely potent natural antitumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) from propolis is only one example of an extremely potent biologically active natural cinnamic acid derivative (Bankova, 2009). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the phytotoxic and mutagenic effects of 5 cinnamic acid derivatives [cinnamic acid (I), 2,3-dibromo-3-phenyl-propanoic acid (II), 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)-propanoic acid (III), 2,3-dibromo-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (IV), and 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (V)] in order to obtain Abstract: Five cinnamic acid derivatives [cinnamic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-phenyl-propanoic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)propanoic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, and 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid] were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and their minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined (100 µg/mL). The first step in assessing their toxicological potential was the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation on Triticum aestivum. Wheat seeds were exposed to solutions of the tested compounds (100 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The development of roots and seedlings, germination percentage, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and total polyphenol content were analyzed. The substances caused in most experimental cases a slight inhibition in the growth of the tested plantlets in comparison to the control, with the exception of 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (48 h of exposure). All compounds inhibited the germination process and mitotic activity. No aberrant metaphases were generated, but abnormal anatelophases appeared, and 4 types of chromosomal aberrations were identified: chromosome bridges,...

Modern Fungicides: Mechanisms of Action, Fungal Resistance and Phytotoxic Effects

“…Globally, there is no specific resistance to fludioxonil among grey mould populations that support the high efficacy of this fungicide [48]. [56,55] To avoid the emergence of resistance to phenylpyrroles, combined preparations should be used or alternate with different mechanisms of action. In addition to problems with possible resistance, there is a risk of phytotoxic effects in relation to protecting plants [7].…”

4-Hydroxy cinnamic acid as mushroom preservation: Anti-tyrosinase activity kinetics and application

“…4-hydroxy cinnamic acid also known as p-coumaric acid is one of cinnamic acid derivatives. Cinnamic acid derivatives are important compounds with a wide range of biological activities: antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antitumoral [12,13]. Thakkar et al synthesized two carboxylated lignins based on 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid scaffold and found them not only inhibit HSV-1 entry into mammalian cells, but more petent than sulfated lignins [14].…”

Genotoxic property of poly herbal formulation of annona squomosa, zingiber officinalis and triticum aestivum plant extracts by in vitro chromosomal aberration test

“…Natural anti-cancer compound Zerumbone of ginger were tested on CHO cell lines for their genotoxic potentials (Al-Zubairi, 2012), inhibited the colon and lung carcinogenesis in mice (Kim et al, 2009), inhibited cellular growth and moderate factors of angiogenic ovarian cancer cells (Rhode et al, 2007). Phytotoxic and mutagenic effects were observed in Triticum with similar methods of evaluation (Jităreanu et al, 2013) represents the present work.…”

“…This synnergic concept leads to the development of new polyherbal formulations. Annona squamosa, Zingiber Of icinalis, and Triticum Aestivum were proven their ef icacy as antimitoc, reduced chromosomal aberrations, and other genotoxic effects individually (Suresh et al, 1970;Salah et al, 2012;Jităreanu et al, 2013). Chromosomal aberrations are due to genotoxic effects in relation to the initiation and development of cancer cells (Chen et al, 2009;Scheutwinkel-Reich and Hude, 1984).…”