Evaluation of Pig Manure for Environmental or Agricultural Applications through Gasification and Soil Leaching Experiments

Abstract

The current study aimed at evaluating an untreated pig manure, firstly for its suitability for soil amendment in combination with an agricultural/bio-solid biochar, and secondly for its potential to be used for adsorption of hazardous species, replacing expensive activated carbons. Column soil leaching experiments were designed to simulate field conditions, and physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed for raw materials and/or leachates. For activated carbon production, the manure was gasified by steam or carbon dioxide at high temperatures. Biochars were analyzed for organic and mineral matter, structural characteristics and organic functional groups. Activation by steam or carbon dioxide greatly enhanced specific surface area, reaching values of 231.4 and 233.3 m2/g, respectively. Application of manure to the soil promoted leaching of nitrates and phosphates and raised COD values of water extracts. Biochar addition retained these ions and reduced COD values up to 10 times at the end of the three-month period. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leachates were low and, in the presence of biochar in soil blends, they were significantly reduced by 50–70%. The manure presents a significant potential for adsorption of various pollutants or improvement of soil amendment if carefully managed.

Process formulation and utilization of fertilizer admixture on the reduction of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil leachate

“…The reduction of nitrate leaching by PMB and the PM+PMB combination included absorption of nitrates into PMB and PM+PMB, and enhanced immobilization and denitrification of nitrogen (Grzyb et al, 2021).Other factors that facilitate the reduction of nitrates in PMB and PM+PMB may be the presence of anaerobic conditions and organic carbon as an electron donor, thus facilitating denitrification (Kamp et al, 2015). The use of animal manure singly and wood manure biochar to reduce leaching of nitrates has been earlier documented (Vamvuka and Raftogianni, 2021). In the same vein, the decrease in phosphate concentration by PMB and PM+PMB compared with the control is attributed to adsorption of ortho-phosphate and organic phosphorus compounds by the PMB and PM+PMB.…”

Evaluation of Pyrolysis Products of Industrial Wastes as Potential Feedstocks for Bioenergy and Biofuels

“…The enrichment of all biochars in alkaline minerals was reflected in their pH value, illustrated in Figure 3, which varied between 8.5 and 10.5. A high pH is beneficial for soil liming or biochars application in agriculture, because it controls the biological activity and solubility of nutrients in soils while preventing the leaching of toxic heavy metals contained in the solid materials [15,18,20]. USS biochar, having a pH = 8.5, is recommended for applications at sensitive and low buffer capacity soils [38].…”

“…The properties of biochar from different biomass materials and suggested applications, particularly for the amelioration of soils, have been extensively studied, including the authors [3,8,9,[17][18][19][20]. The majority of these studies focused on biochar from agricultural wastes.…”

Effect of dolomite and pig manure on growth and production of carrots (Daucus carota)

“…The highest dose of pig manure, 4 kg/plot, resulted in the greatest response for all observed variables. It is suspected that the high nutrient content influenced this result in pig manure (Pujiastuti et al 2021;Vamvuka and Raftogianni 2021) stated that the nutrient content of pig manure includes 3.75% nitrogen, 3.13% phosphorus, and 2.50% potassium with 68% humidity. The element N is the highest nutrient element in pig manure which functions as a form of plant vegetative organs such as plant height and several leaves.…”