Evaluation of piroxicam for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs

Schmidt, Bogdana; Glickman, Nita W.; DeNicola, Dennis B.; Gortari, A E de; Knapp, Deborah W.

doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.1783

Cited by 118 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1,5 Although NSAIDs may exert antitumor effects by COX-independent mechanisms, and a recent study of dogs with canine transitional-cell carcinoma failed to demonstrate a relationship between COX-2 expression or prostaglandin production and responsiveness to COX-2 inhibition with the NSAID piroxicam, 8 the bulk of information suggests that NSAID therapy is most effective in veterinary tumor types that commonly express COX-2. 4,5,9 Indeed, the single case report that documented an antitumor response to piroxicam in a horse with SCC concurrently demonstrated abundant COX-2 expression in the lesions. 6 Vet Pathol 45: 6,2008 With the exception of the aforementioned case report and the recent report by Elce et al, 2 which used a different methodology, this is the first study undertaken to systematically evaluate the expression of COX-2 in multiple equine-tumor types.…”

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“…10,11 Furthermore, the NSAID piroxicam has been shown to induce meaningful antitumor responses in dogs with certain malignancies, such as transitional-cell carcinoma and oral SCC. 4,9 A single case report exists of long-term control of a metastatic SCC in a horse after the administration of piroxicam. This tumor was demonstrated to abundantly express COX-2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The percentage score and the intensity grade were then multiplied to give a final immunoreactivity score, which ranged from 0 to 16. The categories for the final immunoreactivity score were as follows: negative (0), weak (1-3), moderate (4-7), and strong expression (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Differences in final immunoreactivity scores between matched primary and metastatic tumors were compared by using a paired, 2-tailed t-test.…”

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Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Equine Tumors

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in some tumor and stromal tissues, and catalyzes production of prostaglandins with growth stimulatory, antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties. Pharmacologic inhibition of COX-2 is associated with antitumor activity in various human and canine malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess COX-2 expression in a series of equine sarcoids, melanomas, and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC). COX-2 expression was assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 14 sarcoids, 11 melanomas, and 37 SCC that represent various anatomic sites by using standard immunohistochemical methods. COX-2 was expressed in 2 of 14 sarcoids, 7 of 11 melanomas, and 32 of 37 SCC, 56% of which demonstrated moderate-to-strong immunoreactivity. There were no differences in expression between anatomic sites. In conclusion, most equine SCC and many melanomas appear to express COX-2 and thus could respond to COX-2 inhibitor therapy.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Equine Tumors

et al. 2008

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“…NSAIDs have been shown to be as efficacious as conventional chemotherapy in dogs with TCC and oral squamous cell carcinoma. 14,21 To date, there have been no reported studies examining COX-2 expression in canine sarcomas and round cell malignancies such as mast cell tumors (MCT). This study examines COX-2 expression in three separate canine tumors that have not been examined previously.…”

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Assessment of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Canine Hemangiosarcoma, Histiocytic Sarcoma, and Mast Cell Tumor

Heller

Clifford²,

Goldschmidt³

et al. 2005

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. To determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), histiocytic sarcoma (HS), and grade-II mast cell tumor (MCT), we performed immunohistochemistry using COX-2 antibodies in the aforementioned tumors. Twenty cases of each tumor type were selected initially from the Laboratory of Pathology archives of cases submitted through the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Immunohistochemistry was performed, using a polyclonal antiprostaglandin endoperoxide synthase immunoglobulin G COX-2 antibody. Sections from the kidneys of young dogs, in which the macula densa stains positive for COX-2, served as positive controls. Slides were reviewed by a single pathologist (M. H. Goldschmidt) and graded for COX-2 expression according to previously established scales. 18 Descriptive data is given for each tumor type. COX-2 expression was identified in 0 of 19 HSA, 1 of 20 HS, and 1 of 17 grade-II MCT. Although COX-2 has been shown to be overexpressed in selected human sarcomas and hematopoeitic tumors, these results indicate that canine HSA, HS, and MCT do not express COX-2 in any appreciable fashion.

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“…T1 -tumor <2cm; T3 -tumor >5cm; N0 -no evidence of regional lymph node involvement; M0 -no evidence of distant metastasis. with palliative goal in dogs with transitional cell carcinomas (CHUN & THAMM, 2013) and inoperable squamous cell carcinomas (SCHMIDT et al, 2001), but with curative intent after chemotherapy in patients with inflammatory carcinomas (CAMPOS et al, 2011) and advanced stage mammary carcinomas (LAVALLE et al, 2009). According to LAVALLE et al (2012), selective COX-2 inhibitors may benefit patients with high (6-12) COX-2 immunohistochemistry scores.…”

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confidence: 99%