Evaluation of plant nitrate extraction techniques and effect on commonly used analytical methods of detection

Anderson, Kim A.; Case, Thomas E.

doi:10.1080/00103629909370301

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[3] Kjeldahl-N was determined by micro-Kjeldahl digestion followed by distillation. [16,17] Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium was determined by extracting 300 mg of each oven-dried sample with 20 mL distilled water, shaking for 15 min at 80 C, and 2 cm analyzing by means of ion selective electrodes [18][19][20] (Elite 021, 071, and 051 for nitrate, nitrite and ammonium respectively). A least-square fit curve with the associated 95% confidence band (Statistica software package) was applied to the data of RS to visualize the fluctuations during inflorescence development in each case.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Nitrate and Ammonium Homeostasis of Reproductive and Vegetative Shoots of Olive Tree cv Kalamon During Inflorescence Development

Bouranis

Kitsaki

Tzakosta

2004

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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The olive tree bears fruit on 1-year-old shoots found on its outer periphery. Not all 1-year-old shoots are reproductive, thus there exist vegetative (VS) and reproductive (RS) shoots. Hypothesizing that nitrogen metabolism in RS of olive tree may differ to that of VS during and due to inflorescence development and anthesis, in this report we described the nitrate, ammonium and Kjeldahl-nitrogen dynamics in bark, wood, leaves and inflorescence of reproductive ORDER REPRINTS olive shoots during the period of inflorescence development, and we compared it with the corresponding bark, wood and leaf tissues of the vegetative shoots during the same period. Inflorescence development composed of three stages, the inflorescence elongation period (IEP), the flower development period (FDP) and the flower fertilization period (FFP). The boundaries between these three stages, i.e., initiation of the development of the individual flowers and full bloom, were the two characteristic points of olive inflorescence development that influenced its nitrogen metabolism. The following remarkable fluctuations were monitored during inflorescence development: water content increased during FDP and decreased during FFP, nitrate concentration decreased during FDP and restored during FFP, ammonium concentration was stable and organic-N concentration steady decreased. This dynamic nature in nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen pools of inflorescence in turn influenced the corresponding nitrogen metabolism in leaves, bark, and wood of the reproductive shoots. Nitrate pools of bark and leaf presented a minimum at the beginning of flower development and a maximum after full bloom. Ammonium content of all the examined tissues tended to be rather stable throughout the period of inflorescence development. Vegetative shoots differed in several points compared with reproductive shoots in terms of nitrogen metabolism. Ammonium concentration in bark and wood was higher in VS during IED and 2 weeks before full bloom. ½NH þ 4 /[N] tot ratio was also higher in bark and wood of VS during IEP. Organic-N was higher in leaves of VS for 3 weeks till full bloom. Water content was higher in VS of bark after IEP and in wood during all period. No difference in ammonium concentration was found in leaves of both RS and VS. No differences were detected in nitrate concentration of any organ of RS and VS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Nitrate and Ammonium Homeostasis of Reproductive and Vegetative Shoots of Olive Tree cv Kalamon During Inflorescence Development

Bouranis

Kitsaki

Tzakosta

2004

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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“…Médias de quatro repetições. Diferenças entre procedimentos de quantificação de nitrato em extratos de planta também foram observadas por Jackson (1980), Taber & Killorn (1993), Anderson & Case (1999) e Salomez & Hofman (2002). Apesar das diferenças observadas nos teores de nitrato, os procedimentos testados apresentaram comportamento semelhante ao da coluna redutora que, nesse caso, foi considerado como padrão, tendo em vista que é usado no método oficial de determinação de nitrato em carnes e demais alimentos e apresenta boa exatidão (Brasil, 1999).…”

Section: Tabela 1 Teores De Nounclassified

“…A quantificação de nitrato em extratos de diferentes origens pode ser feita por colorimetria, destilação, potenciometria, espectrofotometria na região ultravioleta, cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia líquida (Sah, 1994;Anderson & Case, 1999;Salomez & Hofman, 2002), mas alguns desses procedimentos não são eficientes para extratos de plantas (Sah, 1994). A medida colorimétrica é a mais utilizada e aceita na análise de plantas por causa da sua simplicidade, baixo custo e precisão elevada.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Variações significativas nos teores de nitrato em extratos de planta são obtidas ao se compararem técnicas de quantificação do íon em um mesmo extrato e, assim, há necessidade de padronização de procedimento (Anderson & Case, 1999;Salomez & Hofman, 2002). A quantificação de nitrato em extratos de plantas por colorimetria, em que o nitrato é reduzido a nitrito, foi mais vantajosa do que a feita por eletrodo seletivo, por ser mais precisa, especialmente quando os teores de N na forma de nitrato (N-NO 3 -) foram menores que 80 mg kg -1 , e menos sujeita à ação de íons interferentes, tal como a causada por Cl - (Jackson, 1980;Taber & Killorn, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Comparação de procedimentos de quantificação de nitrato em tecido vegetal

Mantovani

Cruz

Ferreira

et al. 2005

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O teor de nitrato é um importante índice da qualidade dos alimentos, mas existem problemas na sua quantificação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar procedimentos de quantificação de nitrato em tecido vegetal. Em amostras de matéria seca da parte aérea de três cultivares de alface adubadas com cinco doses de nitrogênio, provenientes de experimento realizado em casa de vegetação, foi feita extração de nitrato com água desionizada e quantificação, utilizando os procedimentos da coluna redutora contendo cádmio, da destilação, do ácido salicílico e da mistura redutora contendo zinco. Os procedimentos do ácido salicílico e da mistura redutora contendo zinco superestimam os teores de nitrato na matéria seca de alface, pois são mais sujeitos à presença de interferentes e ao efeito da cor do extrato. Os procedimentos da coluna redutora contendo cádmio e o da destilação são os mais adequados na quantificação de nitrato em tecido vegetal. Contudo, a simplicidade e o menor custo da destilação em relação à coluna redutora indicam que a destilação deve ser recomendada.Termos para indexação: Lactuca sativa, análise de plantas, nitrogênio. Comparison of procedures for nitrate determination in vegetable tissueAbstract -Nitrate content determination is important for food quality evaluation, but its determination is affected by interferences. The objective of this work was to compare nitrate determination procedures for vegetable tissues. In dry matter samples from three lettuce cultivars that received five levels of nitrogen in a greenhouse experiment, nitrate was extracted with deionized water and its determination was made by the cadmium column method, the distillation method, the salicylic acid method, and the method using the reductive mixture with zinc. The salicylic acid method and that of reductive mixture with zinc overestimated the nitrate content in lettuce dry matter, because they were influenced by the color of dry matter extracts and other interferences. The cadmium column and the distillation methods are the best for nitrate determination in vegetable tissues, but the simplicity and lower cost of distillation in relation to cadmium column method suggest that the first one must be recommended.

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“…According to the literature, the quantification of nitrite and nitrate can be performed by colorimetry, distillation, potentiometry, spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among the most popular procedures highlight the Griess, developed in 1879, a simple technique that became official for the quantification of nitrate and nitrite under ion nitrite form after reaction with sulfanilamide and ethylenediamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an Alternative Methodology for Simultaneous Analysis of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water from Urban Stream by Capillary Electrophoresis under Direct UV Detection

de¹,

Carmo²,

Soares³

et al. 2012

AJAC

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An alternative methodology for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate by capillary zone electrophoresis using direct detection UV at 210 nm under reverse electrosmotic flow is proposed. The optimization of the electrolyte composition took into account: the buffer and solutes mobilities; the low absorbance of the buffer at 210 nm; the high baseline stability and the short analysis time. The optimized background electrolyte consisted of 100 mmol·L -1 TRIS/HCl buffer and 0.15 mmol·L -1 CTAB at pH 8.2. The proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of nitrite and nitrate in urban stream samples without usual pretreatment.

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Evaluation of plant nitrate extraction techniques and effect on commonly used analytical methods of detection

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Differences in Nitrate and Ammonium Homeostasis of Reproductive and Vegetative Shoots of Olive Tree cv Kalamon During Inflorescence Development

Differences in Nitrate and Ammonium Homeostasis of Reproductive and Vegetative Shoots of Olive Tree cv Kalamon During Inflorescence Development

Comparação de procedimentos de quantificação de nitrato em tecido vegetal

Optimization of an Alternative Methodology for Simultaneous Analysis of Nitrite and Nitrate in Water from Urban Stream by Capillary Electrophoresis under Direct UV Detection

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