Evaluation of PM2.5 air pollution sources and cardiovascular health

Slawsky, Erik; Ward‐Caviness, Cavin; Neas, Lucas M.; Devlin, Robert B.; Cascio, Wayne E.; Russell, Armistead G.; Huang, Ran; Kraus, William E.; Hauser, Elizabeth R.; Díaz-Sánchez, David; Weaver, Anne M.

doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000157

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The conclusion that PM 2.5 is a causative risk factor for CVD is consistent with the previous studies with the populations in Asia [25,26], Europe [27,28], and USA [29,30]. The strengths of our study include a large sample size, investigation of CVD subtypes, and adjustment for and analysis of the effects of multiple confounding factors, including obesity, race, health care resources, household income, and variables directly linked to cardiovascular health, such as elderly age, smoking, high cholesterol prevalence, and blood pressure and cholesterol controlling medication nonadherence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The links of fine airborne particulate matter exposure to occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in Michigan, USA

Shamsa

Song²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Air pollutants, particularly airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5μm (PM2.5), have been linked to the increase in mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the dose-risk relationships between PM2.5 concentrations and occurrences of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as the confounding socioeconomic factors in Michigan, USA, where PM2.5 levels are generally considered acceptable. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between health outcome and annual ground-level PM2.5 concentrations of 82 counties in Michigan. The analyses revelated significant linear dose-response associations between PM2.5 concentrations and cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was found to be associated with a 3.0% increase in total CVD, 0.45% increase in Stroke, and a 0.3% increase in Hypertension hospitalization rates in Medicare beneficiaries. While the hospitalization rates of Total Stroke, Hemorrhagic Stroke, and Hypertension in urbanized counties were significantly higher than those of rural counties, the death rates of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in urbanized counties were significantly lower than those of rural counties. These results were correlated with the facts that PM2.5 levels in urbanized counties were significantly higher than that in rural counties and that the percentage of the population with health insurance and the median household income in rural counties were significantly lower. While obesity prevalence showed evidence of a weak positive correlation (ρ = 0.20, p-value = 0.078) with PM2.5 levels, there was no significant dose-response association between county diabetes prevalence rates and PM2.5 exposure in Michigan. In summary, this study revealed strong dose-response associations between PM2.5 concentrations and CVD incidence in Michigan, USA. The socioeconomic factors, such as access to healthcare resources and median household income, represent important confounding factors that could override the impact of PM2.5 exposure on CVD mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The links of fine airborne particulate matter exposure to occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in Michigan, USA

Shamsa

Song²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Nitrates, which, like sulfates, are components of PM 2.5 resulting from fossil fuel combustion sources that are acidic and can therefore engender similar potentiation of metals' solubility and bioavailability. Indeed, a recent analysis of cardiovascular mortality in the Catheterization Genetics (CATHGEN) cohort found that PM 2.5 from both ammonium bisulfate (pH = 1.42 at 0.1 M) and ammonium nitrate (pH = 5.22 at 0.1 M) were associated with increased prevalence of myocardial infarction per IQR exposure in the population (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.29, and OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.53, respectively [144]).…”

Section: Role Of Metals In Oxidative Stress and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

2021

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In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in the health-related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We especially focus on individual properties and concentrations of metals commonly found in PM air pollution, as well as their sources and their adverse health effects, based on both epidemiologic and toxicological evidence. It is known that transition metals, such as Ni, V, Fe, and Cu, are highly capable of participating in redox reactions that produce oxidative stress. Therefore, particles that are enriched, per unit mass, in these metals, such as those from fossil fuel combustion, can have greater potential to produce health effects than other ambient particulate matter. Moreover, fossil fuel combustion particles also contain varying amounts of sulfur, and the acidic nature of the resulting sulfur compounds in particulate matter (e.g., as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sulfuric acid) makes transition metals in particles more bioavailable, greatly enhancing the potential of fossil fuel combustion PM2.5 to cause oxidative stress and systemic health effects in the human body. In general, there is a need to further recognize particulate matter air pollution mass as a complex source-driven mixture, in order to more effectively quantify and regulate particle air pollution exposure health risks.

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“…More than 100 years ago, Russian academic specialists Anichkov and Ignatovskii were the first to show that lipid metabolism disorders are one of the key risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and CVDs [ 67 ]. Although the dietary habits of people make the greatest contribution to the disturbance of lipid metabolism [ 67 ], some academic specialists have also traced the relationship between the effect of PM 2.5 fine particles and lipid metabolism disorders [ 68 - 70 ]. Thus, the randomized, double-blind study has shown that exposure to PM 2.5 causes significant changes in the concentrations of a number of metabolic parameters of blood serum, in particular, the lipid spectrum, amino acids, glucose and several hormonal parameters [ 70 ].…”

Section: Description Of Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Concepts of the Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Clinical and Epidemiological Data, the Main Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Chaulin

Сергеев

2023

CCR

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Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow to improve the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim: of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage with consideration of epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects Materials and method: This narrative review is based on the analysis of publications in the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. The terms "fine particles" and "PM 2.5" in combination with "pathophysiological mechanisms," "cardiovascular diseases", "atherosclerosis", "cardiac troponins", "myocardial damage" and "myocardial injury" were used to search publications. Conclusion: . According to the conducted narrative review, PM 2.5 should be regarded as the significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs. The pro-atherogenic effect of fine particulate matter is based on several basic and closely interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms: endothelial dysfunction, impaired lipid metabolism, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, impaired functioning of the vegetative nervous system and increased activity of the hemostatic system. In addition, PM 2.5 causes subclinical damage of cardiac muscle cells by several mechanisms: apoptosis, oxidative stress, decreased oxygen delivery due to coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic damage of cardiomyocytes. Highly sensitive cardiac troponins are promising markers for detecting subclinical myocardial damage in people living in polluted regions.

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Evaluation of PM2.5 air pollution sources and cardiovascular health

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

The links of fine airborne particulate matter exposure to occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in Michigan, USA

The links of fine airborne particulate matter exposure to occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in Michigan, USA

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

Modern Concepts of the Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Clinical and Epidemiological Data, the Main Pathophysiological Mechanisms

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