Evaluation of polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil cake as a non-conventional ingredient in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerling feed

Abstract

In the present study, polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil cake (POC) was evaluated as a non-conventional ingredient in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerling feed. Proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of POC indicated that it can be a good source of protein (24.2%) and energy (4.4 kcal g -1 ). Fatty acid analysis indicated that it is dominated by monoenes (39%) followed by saturates (28.42) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6 (27.76%). Further, phenol, tannin and flavonoids were detected as prominent secondary metabolites. Five iso-nitrogenous (25-26%, crude protein) feeds incorporated with POC @ 0% (F1), 10% (F2), 20% (F3), 30% (F4) and 40% (F5) level were fed to L. rohita fingerlings for 90 days in indoor conditions. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that survival percentage (95-97%) of F1, F2 and F3 groups was statistically similar which was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to F4 and F5. The gain in weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of F1 and F2 were similar but next higher inclusion levels of POC significantly (p<0.05) reduced the growth in F3, F4 and F5 groups. In addition, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower (p<0.05) and similar in F1and F2. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilisation (NPU) were found significantly higher (p<0.05) in F1 and F2 as compared to the rest of the groups. Haemoglobin, serum protein, albumin and globulin in blood were similar in F1 and F2 (p>0.05), which were significantly higher than the levels in other groups (p<0.05). Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and glucose levels increased significantly in F3, F4 and F5 groups compared to F1 and F2. POC was used for the first time in carp feeds as a non-conventional feed ingredient during this study and the results clearly indicated that POC could be incorporated @ 100 g kg -1 in the feed of L. rohita fingerlings without any adverse effect on growth, survival and nutrient utilisation.

Calophyllum inophyllum extract as a natural enhancer for improving physical properties of bioplastics and natural antimicrobial

“…However, protein and starch contents were still low (< 20%). NC protein was lower compared to Rath et al (2017), in which it was 24.2%. It is suggested that the concentration of natural biodegradable materials, such as starch and protein, are high for bioplastic synthesis (Plackett 2011;Peelman et al 2013;Wang 2015).…”

“…Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) cake (NC) can be used as a non-conventional feedstuff for goldfish and 100 g/kg additional feed improved growth, performance, and nutritional use (Rath et al 2017), all indicated that NC is safely consumed into a certain extent. The cake is the residue of seed oil extraction (Gallstedt et al 2011).…”

To Standardise Parameters for Preparation of Extruded Feed Using Various Conventional and Non-Conventional Ingredients

“…Among plant originated protein sources, groundnut oil cake (GNOC) and soybean meal are the most preferred conventional ingredients for preparation of aquafeed [5] (Manomaitis, 2009). However, their scanty availability and escalated cost has necessitated to find out suitable alternative source of protein, so as to replace these conventional feed ingredients and meet the protein requirement of the targeted fish at an affordable cost [6], (Lenka et al, 2010;Danniel, 2016).…”