Evaluation of porous 430L stainless steel for SOFC operation at intermediate temperatures

Molin, Sebastian; Kusz, B.; Gazda, Maria; Jasiński, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.10.009

Cited by 102 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For today's SOFC manufacture, the first three components are made of state-of-the-art ceramics, such as respectively Nickel Oxide -Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (NiO-YSZ), YSZ and Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM). Interconnects are fabricated usually of high performance stainless steel alloys [9][10][11][12]. Below we will mostly investigate planar SOFCs, because data for this type are more abundant than for tubular SOFCs.…”

Section: Cost Requirements For Sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning curves for solid oxide fuel cells

Rivera-Tinoco

Schoots

Zwaan

2012

Energy Conversion and Management

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We present learning curves for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and combined heat and power (CHP) SOFC systems with an electric capacity between 1 and 250 kW. On the basis of the cost breakdown of production cost data from fuel cell manufacturers, we developed a bottom-up model that allows for determining overall manufacturing costs from their respective cost components, among which material, energy, labor, and capital charges. The results obtained from our model prove to deviate by at most 13% from total cost figures quoted in the literature. For the early pilot stage of development, we find for SOFC manufacturing a learning rate between 14% and 17%, and for total SOFC system fabrication between 16% and 19%. We argue that the corresponding cost reductions result largely from learning-by-searching effects (R&D) rather than learning-by-doing. When considering a longer time frame that includes the early commercial production stage, we find learning rates between 14% and 39%, which represent a mix of phenomena such as learning-by-doing, learning-by-searching, economies-of-scale and automation.

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Section: Cost Requirements For Sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning curves for solid oxide fuel cells

Rivera-Tinoco

Schoots

Zwaan

2012

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…All samples were cut with a low-speed diamond saw to a thickness of approximately 2 (±0.5) mm and an area of 10 9 10 (±1) mm 2 , with the actual sample area measured precisely and used in the ASR calculation. The samples were polished on both faces to 1200 grit SiC paper and subsequently pre-oxidized in laboratory air (without controlled humidity) inside a muffle furnace at 1123 K (850°C) for 24 hours.…”

Section: Resistivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research in recent years has also highlighted SOFCs' potential use as auxiliary power units for transportation systems, e.g., for aerospace, marine, and trucking (long-haul/idling) applications. [1][2][3][4][5] Service requirements are similar to those for stationary applications but with additional emphasis on ruggedness and reduced weight. [6] Traditional SOFCs have utilized anode-supported, cathode-supported, and electrolyte-supported designs, which receive their mechanical support from the anode, cathode, and electrolyte, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defects play a key role in transport through the scale and previous work has reported differences in conductivity of up to two orders of magnitude for in situ measurements when compared to the bulk. [6] The oxide growth kinetics are therefore best studied in situ, but evaluation of this behavior in porous stainless steels is limited to a handful of alloys that includes: 316L, [20] 430L, [2,16] Fe22Cr, [21] and 70Fe30Cr. [19] Furthermore, only the studies by Molin et al [2,20] on porous 316L and 430L investigated the ASR, which is used to assess service lifetimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Oxidation on Creep Strength and Resistivity of Porous Fe-26Cr-1Mo

Scott

Dunand

2014

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E

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To investigate its application as a material for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects, oxidation rates of replicated E-Brite (Fe-26Cr-1Mo, wt pct) foams with 43 and 51 pct open porosity were measured in static laboratory air for up to 200 hours. Results correlate well with previously reported values for dense material when normalized by surface area. Area-specific resistance measurements, taken in the range of 823 K to 1073 K (550°C to 800°C) after 24 hours of oxidation at 1123 K (850°C), yield activation energies in the range 69 to 82 kJ mol À1 for porous E-Brite that closely match dense E-Brite. Compressive creep properties, measured at 1073 K (800°C) for pristine and oxidized porous E-Brite, show that pre-oxidation (10 hours at 1073 K (800°C)) led to a~100-fold decrease in creep rate. This is due to strengthening of the alloy foam by the formation of a continuous network of oxide, which coats the internal pore surface and reduces porosity by as much as 10 pct after 200 hours of oxidation at 1073 K (800°C). Choking of the fenestrations between the pores, however, leads to an increase in closed porosity. Strengthening and pore filling effects should be taken into account in the design of the SOFC stack when using E-Brite as a porous interconnect material.

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“…% is not sufficient to form protective scale at cathode conditions. As a consequence, such metallic components are considered better employed on the anode side where rich hydrogen atmosphere is present [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuum-sintered stainless steel porous supports for inkjet printing of functional SOFC coatings

Tomov

Krauz

Tłuczek

et al. 2015

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Porous metal supports for SOFC applications were produced via conventional powder metallurgy routes-tape casting and high-pressure injection moulding. The supports were sintered in vacuum at different vacuum levels and temperatures. Commercially accessible low-cost stainless steel 430L powder was chosen as source material. The relations between the vacuum sintering temperature and the supports properties were studied. The density and the open porosity distribution of sintered supports were determined by Archimedes' method, Optical Image Analysis and Hg-porosimetry. The microstructure and the stainless steel grain surface composition evolution were investigated by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. direct ceramic inkjet printing (DCIJP) was employed as coating technology for depositing anode (NiO/GDC) and electrolyte GDC coatings. Suspension anode and electrolyte inks were developed in-house and the printing procedure was optimized to produce uniform coatings with thicknesses below 15 lm. The analyses confirmed that the as-produced substrates were suitable to support DCIJP deposited SOFC functional coatings.

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Evaluation of porous 430L stainless steel for SOFC operation at intermediate temperatures

Cited by 102 publications

References 20 publications

Learning curves for solid oxide fuel cells

Learning curves for solid oxide fuel cells

Effect of Oxidation on Creep Strength and Resistivity of Porous Fe-26Cr-1Mo

Vacuum-sintered stainless steel porous supports for inkjet printing of functional SOFC coatings

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