Evaluation of Post Cessation Weight Gain in a 1-Year Randomized Smoking Cessation Trial of Electronic Cigarettes

Russo, Cristina; Cibella, Fabio; Caponnetto, Pasquale; Campagna, Davide; Maglia, Marilena; Frazzetto, Evelise; Mondati, Enrico; Caruso, Massimo; Polosa, Riccardo

doi:10.1038/srep18763

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Thus, the weight gain measured after switching to ECs was smaller than in smokers who successfully quit smoking (and not using ECs), and particularly at 12 months. Although this contrasts with smoking cessation trials of licensed pharmacotherapies where substantial weight gain has been reported systematically [ 16 ], the findings of the present study are consistent with those of a prospective randomized controlled trial with early design cigalikes, which did not report significant long-term weight gain when compared with continuing smokers and reducers [ 39 ]. Our current retrospective study differs from previous work [ 39 ] in that it explores the effect of more advanced devices in a much larger population of experienced users.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Lack of Substantial Post-Cessation Weight Increase in Electronic Cigarettes Users

Russo

Cibella

Mondati

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Minimization of post-cessation weight gain in quitters is important, but existing approaches (e.g., antismoking medications) shows only limited success. We investigated changes in body weight in smokers who quit or reduced substantially their cigarette consumption by switching to electronic cigarettes (ECs) use. Body weight and smoking/vaping history were extracted from medical records of smokers and ex-smokers to match three study groups: (1) regular EC users on at least two consecutive follow-up visits; (2) regular smokers (and not using ECs); (3) subjects who reported sustained smoking abstinence after completing a cessation program. Review of their medical records was conducted at two follow-up visits at 6- (F/U 6m) and 12-months (F/U 12m). A total of 86 EC users, 93 regular smokers, and 44 quitters were studied. In the EC users study group, cigarettes/day use decreased from 21.1 at baseline to 1.8 at F/U 12m (p < 0.0001). Dual usage was reported by approximately 50% of EC users. Both within factor (time, p < 0.0001) and between factor (study groups, p < 0.0001) produced significant effect on weight (% change from baseline), with a significant 4.8% weight gain from baseline in the quitters study group at F/U 12m. For the EC users, weight gain at F/U 12m was only 1.5% of baseline. There was no evidence of post-cessation weight increase in those who reduced substantially cigarette consumption by switching to ECs (i.e., dual users) and only modest post-cessation weight increase was reported in exclusive EC users at F/U 12m. By reducing weight gain and tobacco consumption, EC-based interventions may promote an overall improvement in quality of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Lack of Substantial Post-Cessation Weight Increase in Electronic Cigarettes Users

Russo

Cibella

Mondati

et al. 2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…Laboratory studies find modest increases in nicotine biomarkers after vaping. 169,195,197,203,206,209–211,215,222,223,232,233,239,246,248,264,271,284,300 Vaping has no or minimal impact on other physiologic measures (i.e., exhaled carbon monoxide, complete blood count, body weight), 142,202,203,230,237,239,242,257,265,272,274,276,282,285,292,303 with improvements in outcomes seen for smokers switching to ENDS, such as reduced blood pressure, improved lung function, and improved disease symptoms (i.e., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). 214,230,273,287 Some studies have examined cardiovascular measures associated with vaping, 195,197,209,222,223,226,232,246,248,257,273,300,301 with the majority finding an increase in heart rate, 195,223,232,246,248,300 but three finding no change after use.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

420

332

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Context Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of the published literature. The purpose of this article is to report updated findings from a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature on ENDS. Evidence acquisition The authors conducted a systematic review of published empirical research literature on ENDS through May 31, 2016, using a detailed search strategy in the PubMed electronic database, expert review, and additional targeted searches. Included studies presented empirical findings and were coded to at least one of nine topics: (1) Product Features; (2) Health Effects; (3) Consumer Perceptions; (4) Patterns of Use; (5) Potential to Induce Dependence; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Marketing and Communication; (8) Sales; and (9) Policies; reviews and commentaries were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted by multiple coders (October 2015 to August 2016) into a standardized form and synthesized qualitatively by topic. Evidence synthesis There were 686 articles included in this systematic review. The majority of studies assessed patterns of ENDS use and consumer perceptions of ENDS, followed by studies examining health effects of vaping and product features. Conclusions Studies indicate that ENDS are increasing in use, particularly among current smokers, pose substantially less harm to smokers than cigarettes, are being used to reduce/quit smoking, and are widely available. More longitudinal studies and controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of ENDS on population-level tobacco use and determine the health effects of longer-term vaping.

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“…The trivial post-cessation weight gain after switching to regular EC use might have contributed to the positive long-term effects of smoking cessation on BP and BP control. Moreover, improved weight control has been shown in a recent one-year randomized smoking cessation trial of smokers who quit smoking by switching to ECs [37]. By alleviating weight gain, EC use may ultimately deter the hypertensive comorbidities of both smoking and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Control in Smokers with Arterial Hypertension Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes

Polosa

Morjaria

Caponnetto

et al. 2016

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Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are battery-operated devices designed to vaporise nicotine, which may help smokers with quitting or reducing their tobacco consumption. No data is available regarding the health effects of ECs use among smokers with arterial hypertension and whether regular use results in blood pressure (BP) changes. We investigated long-term changes in resting BP and level of BP control in hypertensive smokers who quit or reduced substantially their tobacco consumption by switching to ECs. A medical records review of patients with hypertension was conducted to identify patients reporting regular daily use of ECs on at least two consecutive follow-up visits. Regularly smoking hypertensive patients were included as a reference group. A marked reduction in cigarette consumption was observed in ECs users (n = 43) though consumption remained unchanged in the control group (n = 46). Compared to baseline, at 12 months (follow-up visit 2) decline in cigarette consumption was associated with significant reductions in median (25th-, 75th-centile) systolic BP (140 (134.5, 144) to 130 (123.5, 138.5) mmHg; p < 0.001) and diastolic BP (86 (78, 90) to 80 (74.5, 90) mmHg; p = 0.006). No significant changes were observed in the control group. As expected, decline in cigarette consumption in the ECs users was also associated with improved BP control. The study concludes that regular ECs use may aid smokers with arterial hypertension reduce or abstain from cigarette smoking, with only trivial post-cessation weight gain. This resulted in improvements in systolic and diastolic BP as well as better BP control.

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Evaluation of Post Cessation Weight Gain in a 1-Year Randomized Smoking Cessation Trial of Electronic Cigarettes

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Lack of Substantial Post-Cessation Weight Increase in Electronic Cigarettes Users

Lack of Substantial Post-Cessation Weight Increase in Electronic Cigarettes Users

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Blood Pressure Control in Smokers with Arterial Hypertension Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes

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