Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Accumulation in Wheat Irrigated with Wastewater

Ahmad, Kafeel; Wajid, Kinza; Khan, Zafar Iqbal; Uğulu, İlker; Memoona, Hafsa; Sana, Madiha; Nawaz, Khalid; Malik, Iftikhar H.; Bashir, Humayun; Sher, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s00128-019-02605-1

Cited by 81 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The values reported from the present findings were much lower than the values created by Kabata-Pendias and Wiacek (1985) who suppose 75 mg/kg as the critical load for the chromium present in the soils. Ahmad et al (2019) recorded lower level of chromium (1.05 to 1.36 mg/kg) in soil compared with the current findings. Commercial products and ashes from coal and industries are major reservoirs of chromium that enter into the soil (Nriagu and Pacyna 1988).…”

Section: Soilcontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…The toxic impact of chromium to the animals using these plants cannot be noticed, because in the current findings, the level of chromium was below the toxic limit. Chromium proved to be very unsafe for livestock health if a diet consists of greater levels of chromium than the optimum level as described by Anonymous (1980) and Ahmad et al (2019).…”

Section: Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on the transfer of chromium from meadows to grazing livestock: an assessment of health risk

Khan

Ahmad

Siddique

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The present investigation was performed in different district of Punjab to determine the chromium level in soil, forages, and blood plasma of the small ruminants (goat and sheep). The results showed that the mean concentrations of chromium in the soil of Sargodha, Mianwali, and Bhakkar districts were ranged from 1.8 to 2.3, 3.01 to 4.99, and 2.04 to 2.87 mg/kg, respectively. The chromium level was higher in Mianwali compared with Sargodha and Bhakkar. The mean concentrations of chromium in forages which were used for feeding purposes were found between 0.672 and 1.631, 1.493 and 2.612, and 0.7804 and 1.047 mg/kg for Sargodha, Mianwali, and Bhakkar, respectively. The mean concentrations of chromium in blood plasma of goat which consumed the contaminated forages were between 0.666 and 1.269 mg/L in Sargodha, 0.657 and 0.752 mg/L in Mianwali, and 1.39 and 2.37 mg/L in Bhakkar. In blood plasma of sheep, the residual levels of chromium in the districts Sargodha, Mianwali, and Bhakkar were ranged from 0.673 to 1.384, 0.83 to 1.086, and 1.496 to 3.611 mg/L, respectively. In the present research, there was a higher concentration of chromium in blood plasma of sheep from Bhakkar and the lowest was in Sargodha. The chromium level in blood samples was found to be higher than the tolerable level of 1.0 mg/L in all districts. In light of these results, it was concluded that chromium levels in the soil and forages of all sites were present within the safe limit while in blood samples of sheep and goats were found to be above the acceptable limit. Sheep and goats also consume water from river, streams, and ponds and other contaminated water sources. So it might be the reason of higher level of chromium in their blood plasma. Hence, the proper monitoring of study sites will be necessary to prevent the excessive accumulation of chromium in ruminants in the near future.

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Section: Soilcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the transfer of chromium from meadows to grazing livestock: an assessment of health risk

Khan

Ahmad

Siddique

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Roots are the fundamental organs of plants through which they absorb overwhelming metals from the soil. In metal free soil, vegetables developed on overwhelming metal polluted soils gather higher measures of metals than those developed in unpolluted soils [4,[10][11][12][13]. Overwhelming chemicals are constant in the earth and are liable to bioaccumulate in natural pecking orders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and health risk assessment of grazing animals due to toxic metal residues (Cd and Mn) in Sahiwal, Sargodha

Ghazzal¹

2020

PAB

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Ecological contamination due to toxic chemicals is the major issue. Present research was conducted to find out the concentration of Cd and Mn in fodder soil and blood. Five sites of Tehsil Sahiwal of District Sargodha were selected for research where mostly contaminated water was used for irrigation. Pollution load index as well as health risk index was also studied. The results show that cadmium and manganese exceeded the permissible limit of Cd (0.2) and Mn (500) mg/kg suggested by FAO/WHO. Enrichment factor showed lower values as compared to standard. Higher values were observed for Mn at site-V 3.09 mg/kg for summer samples of Zea mays and lower Trifoilum alaxandrium 1.17 mg/kg, while for Cd higher values were observed for Zea mays 2.80 mg/kg and lower for Trifolium alaxandrium 0.20 mg/kg for during winter season.

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“…The insignificant changes in the germination rate and stem moisture content of Corchorus olitorius seeds sown in toxic (5–20 mg/kg) Cd-treated soils compared with the control indicate that this plant can germinate successfully and retain its sappiness even in Cd concentrations far above the maximum allowable limits of 3 mg/kg in soil [ 26 ]. A comparison of seed germination rates among treated soils also reveals that C. olitorius can tolerate toxic Cd concentrations until the maximum of 15 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

Ndlovu

Pullabhotla

Ntuli

2020

Plants

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Corchorus olitorius, a leafy vegetable with high nutrient content, is normally collected from the wild, in areas that are prone to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, studies on how Cd accumulation affects vegetative and reproductive traits of leafy vegetables in South Africa are limited. Therefore, this study tested the effect of Cd accumulation on C. olitorius morphological traits. Plants were grown under various Cd concentrations and studied for variation in vegetative and reproductive traits as well as accumulation in roots and shoots. Plants exposed to 5 mg/kg Cd had longer roots with higher moisture content, heavier fresh and dried stems, as well as dried leaves, which indicated a hormetic effect in C. olitorius after exposure to low Cd concentration in the soil. Again, plants treated with 5–10 mg/kg Cd, accumulated toxic (>10 mg/kg dry weight) Cd within shoots and roots, with minor morphological alterations. Plants could survive, with some morphological defects, Cd toxicity up to 20 mg/kg in soil. Only plants exposed to 5 mg/kg could reproduce. Cd accumulation increased with an increase in the soil, with higher accumulation in shoots. The translocation factor was high (>1) in all Cd concentrations. In conclusion, C. olitorius can accumulate toxic Cd, and yet grow and reproduce either normally or better than the control. The proposed dose of Cd that induces hormesis in C. olitorius is 5 mg/kg in the soil. Therefore, C. olitorius is suitable for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils, but unsafe for consumption when it grows in such areas.

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Evaluation of Potential Toxic Metals Accumulation in Wheat Irrigated with Wastewater

Cited by 81 publications

References 29 publications

A study on the transfer of chromium from meadows to grazing livestock: an assessment of health risk

A study on the transfer of chromium from meadows to grazing livestock: an assessment of health risk

Incidence and health risk assessment of grazing animals due to toxic metal residues (Cd and Mn) in Sahiwal, Sargodha

Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

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