Evaluation of pre-industrial surface ozone measurements made using Schönbein's method

Pavelin, Ed; Johnson, C. E.; Rughooputh, S. D. D. V.; Toumi, Ralf

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00257-x

Cited by 75 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Coincident with increased PD O 3 production from anthropogenic precursors, increased anthropogenic metal emissions, primarily from coal-fired power plants, Table 2). The decrease in pH between the PI and PD also reduces the fraction of SO (Marenco et al, 1994;Pavelin et al, 1999;Volz and Kley, 1988) are reduced from the base PI simulation by 5 nmol mol −1 , but are still 5 nmol mol −1 higher than both those reported by Mickley et al (2001) and the measurements. These changes do impact the polar regions, resulting in reductions in the modeled 17 O(SO Parrella et al (2010).…”

Section: ) To Regional Oxidantsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…However, both H 2 O 2 and CH 2 O are sensitive to post-depositional processing, hindering quantitative interpretation of past atmospheric conditions. There are also modern reconstructions of O 3 measurements made in the late-nineteenth century using the Schönbein (Marenco et al, 1994;Pavelin et al, 1999) and oxidation of arsenate (Volz and Kley, 1988) methods. Errors in the reconstructed O 3 measurements may arise from interferences by other oxidizing or reducing gases (Volz and Kley, 1988), humidity, uncertainties in the recalibration of the Schönbein method, and local O 3 sources (Marenco et al, 1994).…”

Section: E D Sofen Et Al: Preindustrial Oxidants and Isotopes Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ17O(SO42–)

2011

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Abstract. We use a global three-dimensional chemical transport model to quantify the influence of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production mechanisms and oxidant concentrations constrained by observations of the oxygen isotopic composition ( ). Additional model simulations are conducted to explore the sensitivity of the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate to uncertainties in the preindustrial emissions of oxidant precursors.

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Section: ) To Regional Oxidantsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: E D Sofen Et Al: Preindustrial Oxidants and Isotopes Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ17O(SO42–)

2011

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“…Comparison with the few existing measurements during the preindustrial period (Volz and Kley, 1988;Anfossi et al, 1991;Sandroni et al, 1992;Marenco et al, 1994;Sandroni and Anfossi, 1994;Pavelin et al, 1999) indicates that the model may overestimate ozone concentrations (within a factor of two and in some cases above a factor of 3), with only 3 occasions (over wintertime Japan) of calculated O 3 concentration above 30 ppbv. These high O 3 levels are mainly associated with strong stratospheric influx of ozone in the troposphere in the northern hemisphere during the winter and spring periods.…”

Section: Oxidant Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These high O 3 levels are mainly associated with strong stratospheric influx of ozone in the troposphere in the northern hemisphere during the winter and spring periods. The strong stratospheric influx of O 3 is a feature common to global models (Pavelin et al, 1999).…”

Section: Oxidant Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times

et al. 2006

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Abstract. To elucidate human induced changes of aerosol load and composition in the atmosphere, a coupled aerosol and gas-phase chemistry transport model of the troposphere and lower stratosphere has been used. The present 3-D modeling study focuses on aerosol chemical composition change since preindustrial times considering the secondary organic aerosol formation together with all other main aerosol components including nitrate. In particular, we evaluate non-seasalt sulfate (nss-SO = 4 ), ammonium (NH + 4 ), nitrate (NO − 3 ), black carbon (BC), sea-salt, dust, primary and secondary organics (POA and SOA) with a focus on the importance of secondary organic aerosols. Our calculations show that the aerosol optical depth (AOD) has increased by about 21% since preindustrial times. This enhancement of AOD is attributed to a rise in the atmospheric load of BC, nss-SO = 4 , NO − 3 , POA and SOA by factors of 3.3, 2.6, 2.7, 2.3 and 1.2, respectively, whereas we assumed that the natural dust and sea-salt sources remained constant. The nowadays increase in carbonaceous aerosol loading is dampened by a 34-42% faster conversion of hydrophobic to hydrophilic carbonaceous aerosol leading to higher removal rates. These changes between the various aerosol components resulted in significant modifications of the aerosol chemical composition. The relative importance of the various aerosol components is critical for the aerosol climatic effect, since atmospheric aerosols behave differently when their chemical composition changes. According to this study, the aerosol composition changed significantly over the different contiCorrespondence to: M. Kanakidou (mariak@chemistry.uoc.gr) nents and with height since preindustrial times. The presence of anthropogenically emitted primary particles in the atmosphere facilitates the condensation of the semi-volatile species that form SOA onto the aerosol phase, particularly in the boundary layer. The SOA burden that is dominated by the natural component has increased by 24% while its contribution to the AOD has increased by 11%. The increase in oxidant levels and preexisting aerosol mass since preindustrial times is the reason of the burden change, since emissions have not changed significantly. The computed aerosol composition changes translate into about 2.5 times more water associated with non sea-salt aerosol. Additionally, aerosols contain 2.7 times more inorganic components nowadays than during the preindustrial times. We find that the increase in emissions of inorganic aerosol precursors is much larger than the corresponding aerosol increase, reflecting a non-linear atmospheric response.

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“…The abundance of ozone near the Earth's surface has been intermittently measured since the late 1800s (Volz and Kley, 1988;Marenco et al, 1994;Pavelin et al, 1999). In the 1970s, North American and European nations began to develop systematic networks for the continuous monitoring of the concentration of surface ozone in a range of environments (roadside, urban, suburban, rural, remote) for the purposes of air quality monitoring and regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated ozone absorption cross section will reduce air quality compliance

2015

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Abstract. Photometric ozone measurements rely upon an accurate value of the ozone absorption cross section at 253.65 nm. This has recently been re-evaluated by Viallon et al. (2015) as 1.8 % smaller than the accepted value (Hearn, 1961) used for the preceding 50 years. Thus, ozone measurements that applied the older cross section systematically underestimate the amount of ozone in air. We correct the reported historical surface data from North America and Europe and find that this modest change in cross section has a significant impact on the number of locations that are out of compliance with air quality regulations if the air quality standards remain the same. We find 18, 23, and 20 % increases in the number of sites that are out of compliance with current US, Canadian, and European ozone air quality health standards for the year 2012. Should the new cross-section value be applied, it would impact attainment of air quality standards and compliance with relevant clean air acts, unless the air quality target values themselves were also changed proportionately. We draw attention to how a small change in gas metrology has a global impact on attainment and compliance with legal air quality standards. We suggest that further laboratory work to evaluate the new cross section is needed and suggest three possible technical and policy responses should the new cross section be adopted.

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Evaluation of pre-industrial surface ozone measurements made using Schönbein's method

Cited by 75 publications

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The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)

Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times

Updated ozone absorption cross section will reduce air quality compliance

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Evaluation of pre-industrial surface ozone measurements made using Schönbein's method

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O(SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt;)

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O(SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt;)

Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times

Updated ozone absorption cross section will reduce air quality compliance

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Product

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The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)

The impact of anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric sulfate production pathways, oxidants, and ice core Δ<sup>17</sup>O(SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>)