Evaluation of Preclinical Assays to Investigate an Anthroposophic Pharmaceutical Process Applied to Mistletoe (<i>Viscum album</i> L.) Extracts

Baumgartner, Stephan; Flückiger, Heidi; Kunz, Matthias; Scherr, Claudia; Urech, Konrad

doi:10.1155/2014/620974

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For VAE the two components were mixed without this specific blending process. More details about the preparation of APVAE and VAE were described elsewhere [ 20 ]. Thirty-four samples from different years of production and batches, were extracted and analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that may contribute to its biological activities [ 5 , 6 , 8 , 17 ]. In fact, there is some evidence that the pharmacological effects of V. album are due to the whole extracts rather than to lectins and viscotoxins only [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Despite this, the products commercially available are still poorly described concerning the small molecules composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography−high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) approach to comprehensively profile and to identify biomarkers for fermented aqueous extracts of V. album grown on two different host trees ( M. domestica and P. sylvestris ) and processed by two manufacturing processes (anthroposophically processed V. album extract (APVAE) and common V. album extract (VAE)) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of Viscum album L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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Fermented aqueous extracts of Viscum album L. are widely used for cancer treatment in complementary medicine. The high molecular weight compounds viscotoxins and lectins are considered to be the main active substances in the extracts. However, a vast number of small molecules (≤1500 Da) is also expected to be present, and few studies have investigated their identities. In this study, a comprehensive metabolome analysis of samples of fermented aqueous extracts of V. album from two host tree species (Malus domestica and Pinus sylvestris), both prepared by two pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, was performed by liquid chromatography−high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). A total of 212 metabolites were putatively annotated, including primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids, organic acids, etc.) and secondary metabolites (mostly phenolic compounds). A clear separation between V. album samples according to the host tree species, but not due to manufacturing processes, was observed by principal component analysis. The biomarkers responsible for this discrimination were assessed by partial least squares−discriminant analysis. Because V. album extracts from different host trees have different clinical applications, the present work highlights the possibility of characterizing the metabolome for identification and traceability of V. album fermented aqueous extracts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of Viscum album L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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“…According to BD fundamental and practical principles, the working hypothesis is that HMP affects root development during the early germination process. This assumption guided the choice for a bioassay developed by Baumgartner et al (2014) using cress seedlings (Lepidium sativum L.) as a test organism, providing a simple way of testing early root development with high reproducibility and accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth responses of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) to biodynamic cow manure preparation in a bioassay

Morau

Piepho

Fritz

2019

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture

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Natural substances are extensively used as biostimulants in agriculture. Notably, horn-manure preparation (HMP) is fermented cow manure sprayed at low concentrations onto biodynamically cultivated fields. The present study investigated the effect of HMP on the growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) cultivated in a bioassay (randomized block design, n = 20). Seedlings were cultivated in a water medium. Treatments of a drop of HMP suspension (1 µl or 0.1 µl) or of water (Control) were added to the medium. Long-term series of trials, with two different HMPs, were conducted over 18 and 9 months with 76 and 38 trials, respectively. In the first series, the effect of a 1 µl drop of HMP suspension on root growth was significant overall (−2.4%, p = 0.004, Tukey-Kramer-test) and in 35.5% of the individual trials (p < 0.05). However, the effects fluctuated strongly between the trials (from −25.7% to +19.1%). The effect of a 0.1 µl drop was similar, but lower in magnitude. The results of the second series were analogous. Comparison of statistical models provided significant evidence of a growthstabilising effect. An additional series of 22 negative control trials indicated an acceptable false positive rate. It was concluded that HMP, at low doses, significantly influenced root growth at early stages, with a stabilising pattern of action. Further development of the bioassay should improve its power and stability over time. A stabilising effect may induce an increased resilience of the agricultural system.

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“…( 28 ) have also been studied and found to have properties similar to European mistletoe. The concentration of active components and biological activity vary as a function of the host tree, harvesting time and extraction procedure (aqueous extraction with/without fermentation, other extraction procedures, pressing) ( 29 ), which also remain a notable target of research ( 30 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscum album (L.) in experimental animal tumors: A meta-analysis

Bonamin

Carvalho

Waisse

2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) has been used as complementary anticancer treatment for ~100 years. Although the clinical efficacy of mistletoe in cancer and associated survival benefits remain contested, several studies point to its effectiveness and others have reported antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. In the present review, a search was conducted for original articles reporting the outcomes of treatments for experimental animal tumors with mistletoe. The inclusion criteria were: Publication in English, from 1996 onwards and in peer-reviewed journals included in the database PubMed. The parameters analyzed were: Provenance and time of publication, rationale, methods (animal species used, mistletoe preparation, treatment protocol, tumor lineage, blinding, randomization, controls and concomitant treatments), outcomes and investigated mechanisms of action. A total of 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was adequate in the terms of sample size and use of controls, and the only animal species employed were mice and rats. However, few studies reported having performed random allocation and none reported blinding. There was wide variation in the type and preparation of mistletoe used, route of administration, regimen, tumor type and the mechanism of action assessed. A temporal trend was identified; earlier studies sought to establish the antitumor effect of mistletoe and its possible mechanisms, cytotoxicity and immunomodulation in particular, whereas the later ones tended to focus more on biologically active principles, genomics and oxidative stress. A total of 32/37 studies reported an antitumor effect, 3 of which had mixed results. A total of 2 studies did not detect any antitumor effect and a further 2 found stimulation of tumor growth in the treated groups. One study did not assess antitumor effects, investigating immunomodulation action instead. The quality of the studies was satisfactory and the majority reported positive outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a great deal of methodological heterogeneity among the studies, which precludes conclusive comparisons. Based on these results, the present authors strongly suggest developing guidelines for reporting in vivo mistletoe cancer treatment experiments.

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Evaluation of Preclinical Assays to Investigate an Anthroposophic Pharmaceutical Process Applied to Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Extracts

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of Viscum album L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of Viscum album L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Growth responses of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) to biodynamic cow manure preparation in a bioassay

Viscum album (L.) in experimental animal tumors: A meta-analysis

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