Evaluation of predictive value of olfactory dysfunction, as a screening tool for <scp>COVID</scp>‐19

Romero‐Gameros, Carlos Alfonso; Waizel‐Haiat, Salomón; Mendoza‐Zubieta, Victoria; Anaya‐Dyck, Alfredo; López-Moreno, Mayra Alejandra; Colin-Martínez, Tania; Martínez-Ordaz, José Luis; Ferat‐Osorio, Eduardo; Vivar-Acevedo, Eulalio; Vargas‐Ortega, Guadalupe; Wacher, Niels H.; González-Virla, Baldomero

doi:10.1002/lio2.482

“…Prevalence of GD was reported by 92 studies (59%); the large inter-study variability was confirmed also for this disturbance (range: 0% 81 – 89% 83 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Finally, we grouped studies based on nationality of the population, with one group comprising studies carried out in the European Union or United States (n=111, 71%), and the other including investigations performed in the rest of the world (n=45, 29%). In the European Union/United States group, prevalence range for OD and GD were 0% 81 - 98% 82 and 0 81 - 89% 83 , respectively; in the rest of the world group, prevalence range for OD and GD were 1% 89 - 89% 90 and 1 89 - 87% 91 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review

Boscutti

¹

,

Delvecchio

²

,

Pigoni

³

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Background Among Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations, Olfactory (OD) and Gustatory (GD) Dysfunctions (OGD) have drawn considerable attention, becoming a sort of hallmark of the disease. Many have speculated on the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of these disturbances; however, no definite answers have been produced on the topic. With this systematic review, we aimed to collect all the available evidence regarding the prevalence of OGD, the timing of their onset and their resolution, their rate of recovery and their role as diagnostic and prognostic tools for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods A systematic review comprising all the observational studies that reported the prevalence and/or the longitudinal trajectories of OGD in COVID-19 patients, as self-reported by patients or measured through objective psychophysical tests. Results After the selection process, 155 studies were included, with a total of 70920 patients and 105291 not-infected individuals. Prevalence reports were extremely variable across studies, with wide ranges for OD (0% - 98%) and GD (0-89%) prevalence. OGD occurred early during the disease course and only rarely preceded other symptoms; out of 30 studies with a follow-up time of at least 20 days, only in 5 studies OGD fully resolved in more than 90% of patients. OGD had low sensitivity and high specificity for SARS-CoV-2 infection; accuracy of OD and GD for infection identification was higher than 80% in 10 out of 33 studies and in 8 out of 22 studies considered, respectively. 28 out of 30 studies that studied the association between OGD and disease severity found how OGD were associated with lower rates of severe pneumonia, hospitalization and mortality. Conclusions OGD seem to be highly prevalent in SARS-CoV-2 infection. They occur early, concomitantly with other symptoms and often persist after recovery, in some cases for months; whether a full recovery eventually occurs in all cases is not clear yet. OGD are good predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with a milder disease course.

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“…Gorzkowski et al, and Romero-Gameros, C.A. et al, reported 11.6 and 10 days, respectively as the mean recovery time from onset of OD (21,23). In the study by Cho et al, mean time for GD recovery was 9.5 ± 6.8 days and the complete recovery rate of GD was 83.3% (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: a Prospective Cohort Study

Balajelini

¹

,

Vakili

²

,

Rajabi

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD and GD) manifested unpredictably in COVID-19 patients. Considering the high prevalence of OD and GD and the importance of the sense of smell and taste in the quality of life, this study aimed to determine the association of some demographic and clinical factors with OD and GD recovery in COVID-19 patients in Iran.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on COVID-19 patients with OD and GD during the first and second peak of pandemic in Golestan province, Iran. We used a local health care registry system for data collection. All cases had positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-19 in nose and nasopharynx swab samples. Variables included age, sex, ethnicity, geographical location, time of onset of symptoms, severity of OD and GD (complete or partial). The follow-up time for recovery from OD and GD was six months. Time to recovery for OD and GD was estimated by Kaplan-Meier considering complete recovery as an endpoint. Differences among groups were evaluated using log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard models as appropriate in SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 242 patients completed the study. The mean age of patients was 39.12±11.89 years. There were 127 (52%) females. After six months, 239 (98.8%) patients had complete OD recovery and 80.9% and 83.56% of patients recovered within the first 30 days following the onset of OD or GD, respectively. The mean time of OD recovery was significantly higher (35.07±4.25 days) in cases infected in the first peak of pandemic than in the second peak (21.65±2.05 days) (p=0.004). This finding also was observed for the recovery time of GD (p=0.005). The mean recovery time of GD was significantly higher in women than men (35.55±4.33 vs. 23.20±2.46 days) (p=0.04). The age (less than 20 years), second peak of epidemic, and partial dysfunction were identified as significant predictors for recovery.Conclusions: COVID-19–related OD and GD had high rate of recovery in the first month from onset of symptoms. Age of patients, severity of OD/GD and infecting in second peak of epidemic might be related to the recovery of OD or GD in patients with COVID-19.

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“…In the study of Romero-Gameros, C.A. et al the incidence of OD in women was 63.5% (21). In addition, the study by Chary et al and Gorzkowski et al reported higher incidence of OD in women than in men (22,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A Prospective Cohort Study

Balajelini

¹

,

Vakili

²

,

Rajabi

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD and GD) manifested unpredictably in COVID-19 patients. Considering the high prevalence of OD and GD and the importance of the sense of smell and taste in the quality of life, this study aimed to determine the association of some demographic and clinical factors with OD and GD recovery in COVID-19 patients in Iran.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on COVID-19 patients with OD and GD during the first and second peak of pandemic in Golestan province, Iran. We used a local health care registry system for data collection. All cases had positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-19 in nose and nasopharynx swab samples. Variables included age, sex, ethnicity, geographical location, time of onset of symptoms, severity of OD and GD (complete or partial). The follow-up time for recovery from OD and GD was six months. Time to recovery for OD and GD was estimated by Kaplan-Meier considering complete recovery as an endpoint. Differences among groups were evaluated using log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard models as appropriate in SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 242 patients completed the study. The mean age of patients was 39.12±11.89 years. There were 127 (52%) females. After six months, 239 (98.8%) patients had complete OD recovery and 80.9% and 83.56% of patients recovered within the first 30 days following the onset of OD or GD, respectively. The mean time of OD recovery was significantly higher (35.07±4.25 days) in cases infected in the first peak of pandemic than in the second peak (21.65±2.05 days) (p=0.004). This finding also was observed for the recovery time of GD (p=0.005). The mean recovery time of GD was significantly higher in women than men (35.55±4.33 vs. 23.20±2.46 days) (p=0.04). The age (less than 20 years), second peak of epidemic, and partial dysfunction were identified as significant predictors for recovery.Conclusions: COVID-19–related OD and GD had high rate of recovery in the first month from onset of symptoms. Age of patients, severity of OD/GD and infecting in second peak of epidemic might be related to the recovery of OD or GD in patients with COVID-19.

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Evaluation of predictive value of olfactory dysfunction, as a screening tool for COVID‐19

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: a Prospective Cohort Study

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A Prospective Cohort Study

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