Evaluation of probable specific immunotoxic effects of cigarette smoking in smokers

Moustafa, Sahar; El-Elemi, Azza H.

doi:10.1016/j.ejfs.2013.02.003

“…It influences the immune system in many ways. [ 3 ] Tobacco smoking affects a wide range of immunological functions in human and experimental animals including both humoral and cell mediated immune responses. [ 4 ] According to Frial, nicotine activates dendritic cell and augments their capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of major immunoglobulins in smokers and gutkha chewers

Prajapati

¹

,

Chawda

²

2016

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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Aim:To estimate the level of IgG and IgA major immunoglobulins in patients having the habit of smoking, gutkha chewing and in patients without any tobacco habit as control.Materials and Methods:Estimation of major immunoglobulins IgG and IgA was carried out by automated Nephelometry method in ten patients (control group), forty patients who had habit of smoking either bidi or cigarette and forty patients who had the habit of gutkha chewing. Among forty patients who smoked, twenty patients were without any lesion while twenty patients had homogenous leukoplakia. Among the forty patients who had habit of gutkha chewing, twenty patients were without any lesion while twenty patients had oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The obtained data were analyzed using independent sample t-test.Results:IgG and IgA levels were higher in smokers and gutkha chewers as compared to control group and were higher in gutkha chewers as compared to smokers. IgG and IgA levels of non- lesional smokers and gutkha chewers showed no change as compared to the controls while it was increased in patients with homogenous leukoplakia and patients with OSMF as compared to control group. IgG and IgA levels were also significantly higher in patients with OSMF as compared to that of homogenous leukoplakia. IgG and IgA levels were higher in all the grades of OSMF as compared to the controls and both IgG and IgA levels were directly correlated with the grades of OSMF.Conclusion:Higher major immunoglobulins levels in present study among the study groups indicate the use of immunoprofile estimation in etiology and pathogenesis and would prove a great asset in the proper assessment of the lesions.

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“…It is noteworthy that baseline FMD was significantly lower in AG compared to both the CG and the PG, hence some degree of depression of endothelial function was already present in the smokers, as in Yufu et al [31] , in which 26 young active smokers were compared with 31 young non-smokers, and FMD was shown to be significantly lower in the smoking group, even though no significant difference was found regarding brachialankle PWV. Of notice also is the identification of an immediate and severe depression of endothelial function in such young and shortterm group of smokers, indicating a clear effect over the production of NO [22] , to which the secondary secretion of vasoconstrictors, such as endothelin [32] , together with increased oxidative stress that further reduces NO production [9] , adds to the central direct effect of nicotine, increasing the sympathetic signaling, and contributing additively to the changes in the hemodynamic state of the smokers through a reactive vasoconstriction [27] . Curiously, a recent study [33] demonstrated the ability of red wine to reverse this effects in a group of healthy smokers, thus suggesting that smoking increases oxidative stress and/ or decreases NO levels, and antioxidants in red wine may neutralize such effects and reverse its influence on FMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Function of Young Healthy Smokers

Pereira

¹

,

Costa

²

2019

Journal of Cardiology and Therapy

0

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BACKGROUND: Several studies have supported the idea that smoking induces changes with direct impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. The main purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of smoking on vascular function in healthy young adults. METHODS: We designed a quasi-experimental study, including ninety participants aged between 18 and 25 years. Participants were divided into three groups: Active exposure group (AG)-30 usual smokers; passive exposure group (PG) and non-exposure control group (CG), each including 30 non-smokers matched for age, gender and overall lifestyle. Heart rate (HR), brachial blood pressure (bBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid pulse wave analysis (PWA) were evaluated in two moments: baseline and 30 minutes after smoking exposition (AG and PG) or 30 minutes after the first evaluation (CG). RESULTS: Significant changes from baseline were observed only in the AG, with an increase in PWV, from 5.6 ± 0.7 m/s to 6.1 ± 0.2 m/ s post-smoking (p = 0.040), and a decrease in FMD of about-5.7 ± 2.3% after smoking one cigarette (p < 0.001). A significant increase in brachial and central BP was also observed in the AG. A trend for increase in brachial and central BP, and decrease in the FMD was observed in the PG and no significant changes were depicted in the CG. CONCLUSION: Just one cigarette produces significant detrimental acute effects on the vascular endothelium and hemodynamic profile of healthy young short-term smokers. Changes are also observed, although to a lesser extent, in passive smokers.

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“…As stated above, it might activate CD16 monocytes and increase their adhesion to the endothelium [ 22 ]. On the other hand, it has been linked to reduced CD16 NK cell counts [ 23 , 24 ]. As well another study has found elevated granulocyte cell counts and CD16 + –CD56 + cell counts [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Histopathological Factors Associated with the Tumoral Expression of TGF-β1, MED15, CD16, and CD57 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Elahi

¹

,

Rakhshan

²

2022

Advances in Preventive Medicine

1

0

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Introduction. Factors associated with the expression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) biomarkers “CD16, CD57, TGF-β1, and MED15” are not assessed, except in few controversial studies of some of these biomarkers. This study aimed to highlight factors that can correlate with tumoral overexpression of these biomarkers. Methods. In this genetically-matched case-control study, biomarker expressions in all available OSCC tissues and their adjacent normal tissues at the National Tumor Center (n = 384 (4 biomarkers × (48 cancers + 48 controls))) were measured using qRT-PCR. Factors associated with tumoral overexpression of CD16, CD57, TGF-β1, and MED15 (compared to the benign control) were evaluated, using log-level multiple linear regressions and Spearman (α = 0.05). Results. Tumoral CD16 upregulation was observed in younger patients (β = −0.284, P = 0.040 ) and cigarette smokers (β = 0.397, P = 0.005 ). Tumoral CD57 was upregulated in males (β = 0.341, P = 0.008 ), smokers (β = 0.401, P = 0.002 ), and cases without vascular invasion (β = −0.242, P = 0.042 ). Tumoral TGF-β1 was elevated in smokers (β = 0.452, P = 0.001 ) and smaller tumors (β = −0.322, P = 0.045 ). Tumoral MED15 was overexpressed in smokers (β = 0.295, P = 0.036 ) and cases lacking perineural invasion (β = −0.394, P = 0.007 ). Conclusion. As the most consistent finding, smoking might be positively associated with tumoral overexpression of all biomarkers. Tumoral increase in CD57 might be positively associated with metastasis while being negatively correlated with vascular and lymphatic invasion. Tumor size might be negatively associated with tumoral TGF-β1 expression.

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Evaluation of probable specific immunotoxic effects of cigarette smoking in smokers

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Estimation of major immunoglobulins in smokers and gutkha chewers

Estimation of major immunoglobulins in smokers and gutkha chewers

Acute Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Function of Young Healthy Smokers

Clinical and Histopathological Factors Associated with the Tumoral Expression of TGF-β1, MED15, CD16, and CD57 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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