Evaluation of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests of F7 Cotton Lines with Brown Fiber

Abstract

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Coloured cotton has been used since 3400-2300 BC. Historically, it has been used prior to allotetraploid cotton which are now planted (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) of which some have brown and green fiber. The use of coloured cotton is environmentally friendly, and the demand for it will be increasing in relation with the increased demand of organic cotton. The research was aiming to evaluate of Productivity, Fiber Fineness, and Tolerance to Insect Pests ofF7 promising cotton lineswith brown fiber for the development of national cotton new varieties with brown fiber. The experiment was carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang on Januari-December 2013. 14 F7 lines resulted from 2006 crosses and two control varieties were tested in Randomised Blocked Design. There were two unit tests, the spray and unspray test, each was replicated three times. Plot size was 3 x 10m2 with plant spacing was made of 100 x 25 cm in which one single plant per hole was maintained. observation was done on growth and generative components, seed cotton yield, and field tolerance component. Experimental result showed that line 06063/5 was consistently shown high seed cotton yield under spray (2348,3 kg/ha) and unspray conditions (2372,8 kg/ha). Under unspray condition, there were four promising lines which were yielded higher that the best control varieties (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha), i.e. 06063/5 (2372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), and 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). In addition, the best line showingthe highest field tolerance index was 06066/2 (110,5%). There were only two lines which had fiber length of ≥ 1 inch (25,4 mm), i.e. 06067/4 and 06062/1. It terms of fiber strength, genetic improvement achieved was ranging from 0,81 to 11,54% better than Kanesia 10, but 8,11 – 17,64% worse than Kanesia 8. Nine lines which had their fiber fineness 3,0 – 3,8 mic which are met the industry’s demand.<br />Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L., coloured cotton, productivity, field tolerance index</p><p> </p><p>EVALUASI PRODUKTIVITAS, MUTU SERAT, DAN KETAHANAN TERHADAP HAMA GALUR-GALUR F7 KAPAS BE RSERAT COKLAT</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Kapas dengan serat berwarna non-putih telah digunakan sejak tahun<br />3400-2300 sebelum Masehi. Sejarah perkembangannya diperkirakan lebih<br />awal dibandingkan kapas allotetraploid yang banyak dikembangkan saat<br />ini (G. hirsutum dan G. barbadense) yang beberapa memiliki warna serat coklat dan hijau. Penggunaan serat kapas berwarna sangat ramah lingkungan dan pemanfaatannya akan meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya permintaan kapas organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas, mutu serat dan ketahanan terhadap hama galur-galur harapan F7 kapas dengan serat berwarna coklat dalam rangka mengembangkan varietas kapas nasional berserat coklat.Penelitian menguji 14 galur F7 hasil persilangan tahun 2006 dan dua varietas pembanding dilaksanakan di KP Pasirian, Lumajang pada bulan Januari- Desember 2013; disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Terdapat dua unit pengujian yaitu pengujian dengan pengendalian hama optimal (SPRAY atau S) dan pengujian tanpa pengendalian hama (TANPA SPRAY atau TS) masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Ukuran plot adalah 3 x 10m2; jarak tanam adalah 100 x 25 cm dan pada masing-masing lubang tanam dipelihara satu tanaman. Pengamatan komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil, hasil kapas berbiji, dan komponen ketahanan dilakukan untuk menilai penampilan galur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur 06063/5 secara konsisten menunjukkan produksi kapas berbiji yang cukup tinggi baik dalam kondisi dengan pengendalian hama (2 348,3 kg/ha) maupun tanpa pengendalian hama (2372,8 kg/ha). Pada kondisi tanpa pengendalian hama, terdapat empat galur yang lebih unggul dibandingkan varietas pembanding terbaik (Kanesia 10, 2197,2 kg/ha) yaitu 06063/5 (2 372,80 kg/ha), 06067/3 (2 235,0 kg/ha), 06062/3 (2255,60 kg/ha), dan 06066/2 (2383,90 kg/ha). Selain itu, galur yang menunjukkan indeks ketahanan lapang terbaik adalah 06066/2 (110,5%). Hanya terdapat dua galur yang panjang seratnya ≥ 1 inchi (25,4 mm), yaitu 06067/4 dan 06062/1. Apabila dibandingkan Kanesia 10, diperoleh kemajuan dalam hal kekuatan serat sebesar 0,81-11,54%. Tetapi apabila dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 8, maka kekuatan serat dari galur-galur yang diuji lebih rendah 8,11 – 17,64%. Terdapat sembilan galur yang kehalusan seratnya dikelompokkan pada kategori diterima oleh industri (3,0 – 3,8 mic).<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., kapas dengan serat berwarna, produktivitas, indeks ketahanan lapang.</p>

Genetic Variation Analysis of Superior Cotton Varieties of Gossypium hirsutum through Microsatellite Markers

“…However, in the national cotton development program at this time, the threat of rapid genetic degradation occurring in the varieties used is very real, resulting in decreased levels of productivity, so that a program to more rapidly improve cotton varieties should be commenced. 4 Information on the available genetic diversity is needed in the breeding process. Genetic diversity can be analyzed based on morphological and molecular markers; however, due to the many shortcomings of morphological markers, in recent years' molecular markers such as microsatellites have become more and more widely used.…”