Evaluation of prognostic significance in extracapsular spread of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer

Prognostic significance of extracapsular lymph node involvement in patients with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater

“…Although a higher number of positive lymph nodes is an established prognostic factor for survival, extracapsular LNI remains to be shown as an independent prognosticator. In contrast to other series 13,15,16,25 , this study did not demonstrate a significant correlation between the occurrence of extracapsular LNI and (an advanced) pT stage.…”

Extracapsular lymph node spread

“…Nakamura et al have shown a significantly poorer survival rate for patients with extracapsular lymph node involvement in the UICC pN1 group compared with patients without extracapsular lymph node involvement. 23 The present study also demonstrated a lower survival rate in this group (Fig. 3).…”

“…But up to this time, only a few studies have reported on extracapsular lymph node involvement in relation to gastric cancer. 13,[21][22][23][24][25] In 2000, Tanaka et al compared clinicopathological features of 56 gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis to those of 61 gastric cancer patients without peritoneal metastasis in reference to extranodal invasion of the resected lymph nodes. 21 In this study, a highly significant relationship between extranodal invasion and peritoneal metastasis was observed.…”

Microscopic cancer cell spread in gastric cancer: whole-section analysis of mesogastrium

“…On routine pathologic examination of resected gastric cancer specimens, cancer cells are often (10-57%) [1,2] noted in adipose connective tissue separate from the primary lesion and outside the lymph nodes. Such a pathological finding has not yet been unequivocally named or defined; however, it has been called perinodal cancer cell [2], extranodal metastasis [3], extranodal invasion [4][5], and extracapsular spread [1].…”

“…Such a pathological finding has not yet been unequivocally named or defined; however, it has been called perinodal cancer cell [2], extranodal metastasis [3], extranodal invasion [4][5], and extracapsular spread [1]. Recently, this pathological finding has been reported as an independent negative prognostic factor influencing postoperative survival in patients with gastric cancer [1][2][3][4][5]. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this type of cancer cell spread have not yet been fully understood, it has been suggested that such cancer cell spread may reflect part of the primary tumor, lymphatic/vascular vessel involvement, infiltration from metastatic lymph nodes, or peritoneal metastasis.…”