Evaluation of properties and specific energy consumption of spinifex-derived lignocellulose fibers produced using different mechanical processes

Kępa, Katarzyna; Chaleat, Celine; Amiralian, Nasim; Batchelor, Warren; Grøndahl, Lisbeth; Martin, Darren J.

doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02567-x

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nanocellulose is usually classified into cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) [ 28 ], cellulose nanofiber (CNF) [ 29 ], and bacterial cellulose (BC) [ 30 ]. At present, for the preparation of nanocellulose from waste paper, only a simple acid hydrolysis method [ 31 , 32 , 33 ] is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Office Waste Paper by an Environment-Friendly Method

et al. 2021

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Waste paper is often underutilized as a low-value recyclable resource and can be a potential source of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) due to its rich cellulose content. Three different processes, low acid treatment, alkali treatment and bleaching treatment, were used to pretreat the waste paper in order to investigate the effect of different pretreatments on the prepared CNFs, and CNFs obtained from bleached pulp boards were used as control. All sample fibers were successfully prepared into CNFs by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation. It was quite obvious that the bleached CNFs samples showed dense fibrous structures on a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while needle-like fibers with width less than 20 nm were observed on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the bleaching treatment resulted in a 13.5% increase in crystallinity and a higher TEMPO yield (e.g., BCNF, 60.88%), but a decrease in thermal stability. All pretreated CNFs samples showed narrow particle size distribution, good dispersion stability (zeta potential less than −29.58 mV), good light transmission (higher than 86.5%) and low haze parameters (lower than 3.92%). This provides a good process option and pathway for scalable production of CNFs from waste papers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Office Waste Paper by an Environment-Friendly Method

et al. 2021

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“…Handsheet performance ranged from 30.1-118.2 Nm/g and a TI/energy ratio at 1.4-3.9 ( ), with the highest TI/energy ratio achieved by the lowest energy PFI milled sample (BEK10k). Kepa et al (2019) demonstrated that the highest TI/energy ratio (above the 50 Nm/g threshold) was achieved by the lower energy bead milling sample (M20) at 4 ( ) [44]. Rol et al (2017) achieved the production of nanopaper handsheet material with a TI/energy ratio of 5-7.1 ( ) for samples above the 50 Nm/g threshold [45].…”

Section: Nanopaper Performance Benchmarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking the Production of Cellulose Nanofibres: Biomass Feedstock, Mechanical Processing, and Nanopaper Performance

Pennells

Chaleat²,

Martin³

2022

J Polym Environ

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Lignocellulosic biomass plays a vital role in the global shift away from the utilisation of non-renewable petrochemical resources. An emerging class of biomass-derived material is nanocellulose, which are typically generated from the deconstruction of cellulose bundles within the cell wall of terrestrial and aquatic plants, either in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or cellulose nano bres (CNFs). However, the utilisation of biomass has an inherent challenge associated with product variability, both in terms of the starting feedstock properties, the wide range of processing routes available to generate nanocellulose, and the fabrication of nanocellulose into a diverse range of different product formats. As a result, it is di cult to accurately characterise and benchmark the wide variety of nanocellulose materials described within the literature. To address this challenge, this study presents a threefold benchmarking assessment of CNF-based material, including: (1) CNFs generated from different biomass sources (sorghum, banana, sugarcane, spinifex, and softwood); (2) CNFs generated through different mechanical processing methods (Silverson mixing, twin-screw extrusion, bead milling, and high pressure homogenisation); and (3) Energy-standardised nanopaper mechanical performance. The biomass benchmarking study highlighted sorghum and banana stem as comparatively sustainable biomass feedstock, while the mechanical process benchmarking study highlighted twinscrew extrusion as a promising brillation method with low energy consumption. Lastly, the nanopaper benchmarking study aided in the visualisation of the nanopaper research landscape. Sample benchmarking in this manner provides greater insight into the mechanisms driving nanocellulose material performance and processing sustainability.

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“…Traditionally, Indigenous people used spinifex for different purposes, including cladding, making shelters [22], and making nets [63]. In recent years and with the rise of the sustainability paradigm in engineering, spinifex fibre has been considered a sustainable and natural material for making composites with reasonable mechanical properties [64][65][66]. Figure 1 shows the appearance and location of collecting the spinifex used in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Erosion Resistance of Spinifex Fibre Reinforced Mudbrick

Guo,

Rajabipour,

Bazli

et al. 2024

Fibers

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This study assesses the usability of natural materials available in Australia’s remote communities for making fibre-reinforced mudbricks. The present construction cost for housing in remote areas is too high to maintain the level of housing required for the remote Australian population. As this includes mostly First Nations communities, more culturally appropriate housing materials and construction methods are being considered. This study looks at mudbricks made from laterite soil reinforced by spinifex fibre, both available in abundance in remote communities. Hence, this material is more acceptable to communities as it is more sustainable, and the construction methods are more suited for First Nations engagement. Various mixes were tested for compressive strength and erosion resistance. Results suggest that spinifex can significantly improve compressive strength and reduce erosion effects; however, spinifex showed adverse effects at the early stage of the spray test. The results satisfy the minimum strength and erosion resistance requirements for construction and suggest that spinifex-reinforced mudbricks could potentially be considered as an alternative material in remote housing.

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Evaluation of properties and specific energy consumption of spinifex-derived lignocellulose fibers produced using different mechanical processes

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Scalable Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Office Waste Paper by an Environment-Friendly Method

Scalable Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Office Waste Paper by an Environment-Friendly Method

Benchmarking the Production of Cellulose Nanofibres: Biomass Feedstock, Mechanical Processing, and Nanopaper Performance

Strength and Erosion Resistance of Spinifex Fibre Reinforced Mudbrick

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