Evaluation of public knowledge and beliefs of adverse health effects of unhealthy food and knowledge and beliefs based inequalities among various socio-demographic groups in Lithuania

Abstract

Objectives: The availability of information on healthy products does not ensure the empowerment of people with the knowledge on how to choose or avoid food products or dishes depending on unhealthy factors. Public knowledge and beliefs of unhealthy food effects on health needs to be evaluated so that appropriate measures can be taken to properly inform people and relevant socio-demographic groups.Methods: The original survey questionnaire containing questions about specific food groups and various health effects was compiled. A total of 1,007 respondents, Lithuanian residents aged 18-75 years, were surveyed in March 2019. Multilevel stratified probability sampling method was used for data representativeness.Results: Almost half of respondents (46.2%) knew that deep-fried food could cause cancer. The majority of respondents (68.4%) were aware that sugar causes obesity and 61.7% were aware that sugar increases the risk of diabetes mellitus; 41.6% (more often those living in non-rural areas) know that grilled meat may cause cancer. More than half of respondents (57.2%) (more likely those living in non-rural areas and those with a university degree) were aware that smoked meat products may cause cancer. Only 46.4% were aware of the fact that salt raises blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Conclusion: Only about half of Lithuanian residents aged 18-75 were aware of the scientifically proven harmful effects of unhealthy food groups. Socio-demographic factors influence the knowledge and beliefs of the population.

Effect of masculine eating and drinking beliefs on male consumers’ concern with healthy eating and binge drinking

“…Eating unhealthy food and binge drinking can lead to negative consequences regarding consumers’ weight and health (Žandaras et al , 2020). In Latin America, men consume more alcohol than women, which is the case also in Colombia (Ruiz-Díaz et al , 2018).…”

“…More than half of the adult population in Latin America, including Colombia, is overweight (Arebalo et al , 2013). Obesity can be because of several reasons, including endocrine disorders, genetic problems and lack of physical activity (Žandaras et al , 2020). In addition, data shows that consuming large quantities of unhealthy food and alcohol can lead to weight gain, which in some cases can affect individuals’ health (Talukdar and Lindsey, 2013).…”

“…Research has proved that consumers’ educational level in general, and nutritional knowledge in particular, is negatively correlated with unhealthy eating and binge drinking (Kuntsche et al , 2006). This has led some authors to suggest educational programs and health promotion to reduce unhealthy eating and drinking behavior (Žandaras et al , 2020).…”