Evaluation of pulmonary and systemic blood flow by 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography using fast fourier transform spectral analysis

Goldberg, Stanley J.; Sahn, David J.; Alien, Hugh D.; Valdes‐Cruz, Lilliam M.; Hoenecke, Heinz R.; Carnahan, Yvonne

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(82)90481-7

Cited by 230 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It also allows measurements of beat-to-beat changes. The method has been validated in several studies in newborn infants, and a good correlation with other techniques has been demonstrated (15)(16)(17). A good reproducibility has also been shown for the method (17)(18)(19) diameter measurements have been used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Relationship between Heart Rate, Left Ventricular Output, and Stroke Volume in Preterm Infants during Fluctuations in Heart Rate

Winberg

Ergander

1992

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. The relationship between changes in heart rate, left ventricular output, and left ventricular stroke volume was studied in 18 preterm infants, with mean gestational age 29 wk (range 26-33 wk) and mean postnatal age 10 d (range 1-21 d). To yield left ventricular output, the blood flow velocity in the ascending aorta was measured by range-gated Doppler technique and multiplied by the aortic cross-sectional area measured by cross-sectional and M-mode echocardiography. Stroke volume was calculated by dividing left ventricular output by heart rate. The individual mean left ventricular output correlated poorly with heart rate ( 3 = 0.17), and, accordingly, there was a closer relationship between stroke volume and left ventricular output. In only four of the 18 infants was a significant correlation between heart rate changes and left ventricular output found. Substantial changes in stroke volume were seen in most infants, and in 1 3 of the 18 infants the changes exceeded 25%. These variations in stroke volume were closely related to left ventricular output. In 15 of the 18 infants, the maximum heart rate change was associated with a stroke volume change in the opposite direction. The group average of the maximum heart rate increase in each individual, 24 bpm (18%), corresponded to a decrease in stroke volume of 0.15 mL.kg-' (9%) (p < 0.05) and an increase in left ventricular output of 22.7 m L min-' .kg-' (9%) (p < 0.05). A reciprocal relationship was seen between afterload and left ventricular output. The findings indicate that the preterm infant has a substantial ability to alter stroke volume and that stroke volume is an important determinant of neonatal left ventricular output. During beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate, the stroke volume changes appear to reduce the effect of the heart rate changes on output. (Pediatr Res 31: 117-120,1992 Supported by the Karolinska Institute, the General Maternity Hospital Foundation, the Swedish Society for Medicine, and Sallskapet Barnavird.Studies of the fetal and neonatal heart have provided basic information about the myocardial immaturity on the cellular and subcellular levels. The immature myocardium has been shown to contain more water, less contractile elements per unit weight, and less sarcoplasmic reticulum (1, 2). Furthermore, the cardiac sympathetic innervation is not fully developed at birth (3, 4). In in vitro experiments these differences correspond to reduced compliance and reduced contractile force (1) compared with the mature myocardium. However, the hemodynamic consequences of the myocardial immaturity on the intact circulatory system are, despite extensive investigations, still not clearly delineated. It has been claimed that the fetal heart performs at or near its peak capacity even during normal conditions and has a very limited ability to change (SV) (5, 6). Accordingly, fetal and neonatal cardiac output should be almost entirely dependent on HR. This, however, has been questioned in other fetal and neonatal lamb studies (7-lo), as well as in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Relationship between Heart Rate, Left Ventricular Output, and Stroke Volume in Preterm Infants during Fluctuations in Heart Rate

Winberg

Ergander

1992

Pediatr Res

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“…This is similar to the 75% to 90% rate of acceptable studies obtained by other authors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] When the criteria of percentage change in peak ejection velocity of less than 85% or an absolute value for peak ejection velocity of 1.1 m/sec at maximal exercise is used, subjects with normal left ventricular function may be differentiated from patients with significant coronary artery disease and ischemic left ventricular dysfuntion. Further study is necessary to evaluate the changes in peak ejection velocity in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and those with left ventricular dysfunction at rest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, 413-419, 1987. RECENT STUDIES have shown that pulsed Doppler velocity measurements can accurately estimate stroke volume and cardiac output at rest. [1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the technique is reported to reflect changes in blood flow during exercise in normal subjects.`However, little data are available that assess the Doppler-derived variables of aortic flow during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.9'-Two-dimensional echocardiography has been shown to increase the sensitivity of exercise testing in the detection of coronary artery disease when used either during [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or immediately after exercise18-20 by demonstrating the percent changes in both global and segmental left ventricular function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of left ventricular function during upright exercise: correlation of exercise Doppler with postexercise two-dimensional echocardiographic results.

Mehdirad¹,

Williams²,

Labovitz³

et al. 1987

Circulation

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The relationship of regional and global left ventricular function to aortic flow dynamics during exercise was determined in 14 normal subjects and 14 patients with coronary artery disease. Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed before, during, and immediately after an exercise test by the Bruce protocol. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to determine the ejection fraction and new wall motion abnormalities. The peak ejection velocity, stroke index, and cardiac index were calculated from the pulsed Doppler tracing. In normal subjects the ejection fraction increased significantly (p < .001) from rest (0.51 ± 0.07) to peak exercise (0.61 + 0.07), while the response in coronary patients was blunted (0.49 ± 0.11 vs 0.48 ± 0.16). Similarly, the change in peak ejection velocity throughout exercise in normal subjects (from 0.71 + 0.12 to 1.50 + 0.35 m/sec) was significantly (p < .01) greater than that in patients with coronary artery disease (from 0.61 ± 0.13 to 0.90 0.29 m/sec). There was a good correlation between the percent change in peak ejection velocity and the percent change in ejection fraction from rest to peak exercise in the entire study group (rs = .64) and in the patients with coronary artery disease (rs = .84). These preliminary data suggest that exercise-induced changes in Doppler echocardiographic variables may offer a potential adjunct in the evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease. Circulation 75, No. 2, 413-419, 1987. RECENT STUDIES have shown that pulsed Doppler velocity measurements can accurately estimate stroke volume and cardiac output at rest.1-5 In addition, the technique is reported to reflect changes in blood flow during exercise in normal subjects.`However, little data are available that assess the Doppler-derived variables of aortic flow during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.9'-Two-dimensional echocardiography has been shown to increase the sensitivity of exercise testing in the detection of coronary artery disease when used either during 2-17 or immediately after exercise18-20 by demonstrating the percent From

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“…Nos descriptions princeps en noir et blanc, ont été confirmées en Doppler à codage coloré par la communauté internationale. Une grande avancée de l'imagerie bidimensionnelle associée au Doppler a comporté le calcul des débits cardiaques et de leur automatisation [23,24] et celui des shunts et de la fraction de régurgitation [25,26]. …”

Section: Cb : Pourtant Cette Question D'évaluation De Sévérité éTaiunclassified

Une histoire de la recherche clinique en cardiologie

Veyrat¹,

Bruel²

2016

Med Sci (Paris)

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Il y a moins de cinquante ans, la détection par l’effet Doppler des sens antéro- et rétrogrades du courant sanguin appliquée à l’étude des flux cardiaques a été rendue possible par une petite équipe confidentielle, constituée en majeure partie de cardiologues cliniciens. Elle a révolutionné l’approche de la physiopathologie cardiovasculaire et imposé une nouvelle méthodologie d’examen répandue dans le monde entier. Sous la forme d’un entretien réalisé par le Dr Christiane Bruel, médecin général de santé publique, le Docteur Colette Veyrat, cardiologue, chargé de recherches honoraire au CNRS, ex-directeur du laboratoire d’Écho-Doppler, service de cardiologie de l’Hôpital Bicêtre, se souvient…

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Evaluation of pulmonary and systemic blood flow by 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography using fast fourier transform spectral analysis

Cited by 230 publications

References 11 publications

Relationship between Heart Rate, Left Ventricular Output, and Stroke Volume in Preterm Infants during Fluctuations in Heart Rate

Relationship between Heart Rate, Left Ventricular Output, and Stroke Volume in Preterm Infants during Fluctuations in Heart Rate

Evaluation of left ventricular function during upright exercise: correlation of exercise Doppler with postexercise two-dimensional echocardiographic results.

Une histoire de la recherche clinique en cardiologie

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