Evaluation of Pupillary Light Reflex in Amblyopic Eyes Using Dynamic Pupillometry

Bitirgen, Gülfidan; Daraghma, Mohammed; Özkağnıcı, Ahmet

doi:10.4274/tjo.galenos.2019.32748

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, it is known that amblyopic eyes may have a fairly small RAPD (≤0.6 logMAR units), which makes it difficult to distinguish (9,20). A recent study conducted by Bitirgen et al (27) investigated the dynamic pupillary responses of patients with anisometropic amblyopia and reported that these eyes had a shorter contraction duration when compared with the fellow eyes. They stated that the shorter contraction time may not only facilitate early diagnosis of amblyopia, but may also be useful to help explain mechanisms involved in amblyopia pathophysiology (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study conducted by Bitirgen et al (27) investigated the dynamic pupillary responses of patients with anisometropic amblyopia and reported that these eyes had a shorter contraction duration when compared with the fellow eyes. They stated that the shorter contraction time may not only facilitate early diagnosis of amblyopia, but may also be useful to help explain mechanisms involved in amblyopia pathophysiology (27). Kase et al (28) found no significant alteration in the amplitude or maximum velocity of the contraction in amblyopic and normal eyes using an infrared electropupillogram.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static and Dynamic Pupil Characteristics in Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

Kızıltoprak¹

2020

Beyoglu Eye J

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The purpose of this study was to compare static and dynamic pupillometry measurements in patients with myopic anisometropic amblyopia with those of age-matched, healthy subjects. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study consisted of 29 patients with myopic anisometropic amblyopia and 83 control subjects. While both the amblyopic eye and the fellow eye of patients with myopic anisometropic amblyopia were examined, data were only recorded for the right eye of the subjects in the control group. Static pupillometry measurements determined included the scotopic pupil diameter (PD), mesopic PD, low photopic PD, and high photopic PD. Subsequently, dynamic pupillometry measurements were obtained, including the resting diameter, amplitude of pupil contraction, latency of pupil contraction, duration of pupil contraction, velocity of pupil contraction, latency of pupil dilation, duration of pupil dilation, and velocity of pupil dilation. Results: In the myopic anisometropia patients, there was a statistically significant difference in the low photopic PD and high photopic PD values of the amblyopic eyes and the corresponding fellow eyes compared with the healthy subjects (p<0.05 for each). These parameters of low photopic PD and high photopic PD were similar between the highly myopic eyes and the fellow eyes. There was no statistically significant difference in the mesopic or scotopic PD values between any of the groups (p>0.05 for each). There were no significant differences in the dynamic pupillometric measurements between the study and control eyes. Conclusion: These results confirm that amblyopia is a binocular disorder. The dynamic pupillary responses were similar in the highly myopic and fellow eyes, indicating that evaluation of relative afferent pupillary defects may not be a useful test to differentiate amblyopic eyes from healthy corresponding eyes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and Dynamic Pupil Characteristics in Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

Kızıltoprak¹

2020

Beyoglu Eye J

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“…One of less noticed in this regard is changes in pupillary dynamic responses while providing different stimuli. Limited studies have provided these characteristics in different eye conditions including amblyopic patients, ( 14 ) people with multiple sclerosis, ( 15 ) people with diabetic retinopathy, ( 16 ) people with retinitis pigmentosa, ( 17 ) and finally while reducing or increasing accommodation ( 10 ). However, a review of available studies shows that evaluation of dynamic pupil changes after near ocular work has not been performed yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic and Static Pupil Changes After Near Work: Comparison Between Reading a Book and Using a Smartphone

Mirzajani¹

2022

Beyoglu Eye J

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Objectives: Decreased static pupil size due to accommodation is a common clinical finding; however, changes in pupillary dynamic responses after near-work activities such as reading a book and using a smartphone are not well understood. Methods: The present study was performed on 76 right eyes of 76 volunteers (mean age: 20.95±2.34 years) who had ocular near activity more than 4 h per day. The participants were divided into two groups based on the dominant activity, reading a book (Group 1) or using a smartphone (Group 2). Evaluation of dynamic and static parameters of the pupil was performed before and after 1 h of continuous routine eye activity in both groups and compared. Results: Near work reduced pupil diameter (PD) in all static components (p<0.001) and the amount of change in the min PD (p=0.039) and mesopic PD (p=0.043) were different between two groups and were higher in Group 1 (both, p<0.05). Dynamic elements showed a decrease in initial diameter, amplitude and velocity of contraction and dilation, and an increase in other components so that the changes after using smartphone were significant in all dynamic parameters (all, p<0.05), but reading the book only made a significant difference in the initial diameter, amplitude, and velocity of contraction and duration of dilation (all, p<0.05); the changes were only different in the initial diameter between the two studied groups, which was higher in Group 1 (p=0.047). Conclusion:The present study showed that reading a book and using smartphone cause changes in the pupil components, which were decreasing in diameter components and velocity of changes and increasing in latency of changes; the type of ocular work may affect the changes.

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“…It is important to point out that the laboratory environment always remained in the same conditions: ambient lighting lamps were turned off and in complete silence, since studies analyzing multiple sclerosis and recognition of amblyopic eye advise taking these variables into account [21][22][23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Pupillary Light Response through Low-Cost Pupillometry and Machine Learning Techniques

Gutiérrez-Hernández,

Gómez-Díaz,

Casillas-Rodríguez

et al. 2024

Eng

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This article employed pupillometry as a non-invasive technique to analyze pupillary light reflex (PLR) using LED flash stimuli. Particularly, for the experiments, only the red LED with a wavelength of 600 nm served as the light stimulation source. To stabilize the initial pupil size, a pre-stimulus (PRE) period of 3 s was implemented, followed by a 1 s stimulation period (ON) and a 4 s post-stimulus period (POST). Moreover, an experimental, low-cost pupillometer prototype was designed to capture pupillary images of 13 participants. The prototype consists of a 2-megapixel web camera and a lighting system comprising infrared and RGB LEDs for image capture in low-light conditions and stimulus induction, respectively. The study reveals several characteristic features for classifying the phenomenon, notably the mobility of Hjórth parameters, achieving classification percentages ranging from 97% to 99%, and offering novel insights into pattern recognition in pupillary activity. Moreover, the proposed device successfully captured the PLR from all the participants with zero reported incidents or health affectations.

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Evaluation of Pupillary Light Reflex in Amblyopic Eyes Using Dynamic Pupillometry

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Static and Dynamic Pupil Characteristics in Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

Static and Dynamic Pupil Characteristics in Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

Dynamic and Static Pupil Changes After Near Work: Comparison Between Reading a Book and Using a Smartphone

Characterization of Pupillary Light Response through Low-Cost Pupillometry and Machine Learning Techniques

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