2022
DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00221
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Evaluation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Korean commercial honeys and bee pollens

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Cited by 3 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…The concentration and types of alkaloids observed vary significantly, due to pollen origin diversity, with tertiary heterocyclic amines and their related N-oxide form being the two main forms of these alkaloids. It has been found in several analyzed samples, for example, the presence of echinatine N-oxides and rinderine N-oxide [52], trichodesmine [53], or echimidine and echimidin N-oxid [54] (Figure 6). The concentration and types of alkaloids observed vary significantly, due to pollen origin diversity, with tertiary heterocyclic amines and their related N-oxide form being the two main forms of these alkaloids.…”
Section: -60%mentioning
confidence: 94%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The concentration and types of alkaloids observed vary significantly, due to pollen origin diversity, with tertiary heterocyclic amines and their related N-oxide form being the two main forms of these alkaloids. It has been found in several analyzed samples, for example, the presence of echinatine N-oxides and rinderine N-oxide [52], trichodesmine [53], or echimidine and echimidin N-oxid [54] (Figure 6). The concentration and types of alkaloids observed vary significantly, due to pollen origin diversity, with tertiary heterocyclic amines and their related N-oxide form being the two main forms of these alkaloids.…”
Section: -60%mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…The concentration and types of alkaloids observed vary significantly, due to pollen origin diversity, with tertiary heterocyclic amines and their related N-oxide form being the two main forms of these alkaloids. It has been found in several analyzed samples, for example, the presence of echinatine N-oxides and rinderine N-oxide [52], trichodesmine [53], or echimidine and echimidin N-oxid [54] (Figure 6).…”
Section: -60%mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…In the last 3 years, food alerts related to these products have only been notified for high levels of PAs found in pollen (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, 2023). Nonetheless, within this period, many authors have addressed the determination of TAs and PAs in honey and pollen samples (Gottschalk et al, 2020;He et al, 2020;Moreira et al, 2020;Romera-Torres et al, 2020;Thompson et al, 2020;Bandini and Spisso, 2021;Valese et al, 2021;Schlappack et al, 2022a;Schlappack et al, 2022b;Guo et al, 2022;Jansons et al, 2022;Kowalczyk and Kwiatek, 2022;Kwon et al, 2022;Martinello et al, 2022;Rizzo et al, 2022;Rizzo et al, 2023a;Peloso et al, 2023;Roncada et al, 2023;Casado et al, 2024b). The results achieved in these works have revealed these products are frequently contaminated with these toxins, detecting levels of PAs and TAs in wide range (0.012-3313 μg/kg).…”
Section: Determination In Honey and Pollenmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the extraction of these toxins from this type of matrices, most authors have first dissolved the samples in 0.05 M H 2 SO 4 , since it helps to release the analytes from the matrix and decrease the sample viscosity. Afterwards, for sample purification, different conventional sample preparation procedures have been employed, being SPE the most widely used, followed by QuEChERS (Gottschalk et al, 2020;He et al, 2020;Moreira et al, 2020;Romera-Torres et al, 2020;Schlappack et al, 2022a;Schlappack et al, 2022b;Guo et al, 2022;Jansons et al, 2022;Kowalczyk and Kwiatek, 2022;Kwon et al, 2022;Martinello et al, 2022;Peloso et al, 2023;Roncada et al, 2023). For SPE, cartridges with cationexchange sorbents (e.g., MCX, SCX) have been preferred.…”
Section: Determination In Honey and Pollenmentioning
confidence: 99%

Chemical Properties and Biological Activity of Bee Pollen

Rodríguez-Pólit,
Gonzalez-Pastor,
Heredia-Moya
et al. 2023
Preprint