Evaluation of real power and loss contributions for deregulated environment

Circuit-theory-based method for transmission fixed cost allocation based on game-theory rationalized sharing of mutual-terms

“…The last 5 rows (No. [21][22][23][24][25] of Table 11 show the first 5 generators in terms of TUoS tariffs.…”

“…The use of circuit theory to the TCA is another pricing scheme, widely applied in the literature [19,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. The circuit-theory-based approaches, including Z-bus model [23,24] as well as its modified forms [26,28], modified nodal equation (MNE) model [25], and transformer analogy (TA) model [27], have an important advantage over any cost allocation method, as previously described. These methods incorporate the network characteristics directly into the allocation process.…”

“…The results rely mostly on the principle applied to split the mutual terms, as the main causes of the nonlinearity, between the participants. A group of papers use the most common sharing principles, namely, proportional [29], quadratic [30], and equal sharing [19,28,31] to split the mutual terms, whereas the others [23][24][25][26][27] avoid the mutual terms by considering a single variable at a time. In [29], it is revealed that proportional and equal sharing principles bring about more reasonable results for reactive power allocation, compared with the single variable division.…”

Allocation of transmission active losses through a novel power tracing‐based technique

“…Owing to the non-linearity of loss expression, a unique and definite solution for loss allocation problem has not been addressed yet. Nevertheless, great efforts have been made so far to solve it by employing different tools such as pro-rata, circuit theory [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], sensitivity analysis [10][11][12][13][14][15], game theory [16][17][18][19][20], neural networks [15,[17][18][19][20], radial equivalent networks [21,22], power flow tracing [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], linear constrained optimisation modelling [29], and proportional sharing (PS) assumption [30][31][32][33][34][35]…”

Reduction in power transmission loss using fully informed particle swarm optimization

“…In [19], environmental economic power dispatch is analyzed by using Genetic Algorithm which is a heuristic technique. In [20], real power transfer between loads and generators are obtained by using the decomposed current and voltage terms of load busses. The proposed methodology provides better reliability and minimizes the limitations of conventional power flow tracing methods.…”