Evaluation of reference ranges for fatty acids in serum

Sera, Ronald K.; McBride, James H.; Higgins, S; Rodgerson, Denis O.

doi:10.1002/jcla.1860080205

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Concentrations and percentiles for FA were determined in 826 healthy young individuals ( Table 3 ) and examples of the normal distribution of the wide range of fatty acid concentrations are demonstrated in Fig 1 . In 1994, Sera et al determined reference ranges for lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic, homo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in American males and females aged 18–55 (n = 128) [ 16 ]. Reference range values from these limited FA are similar; however the larger sample size in the present study reveals an even greater range of values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, FA concentrations are more useful for facilitating comparisons between studies; hence, we recommend that future studies examining FA levels determine FA concentrations. It is worth noting that studies that have claimed to report FA reference ranges have done so by determining FA concentrations in healthy populations without determining whether these FA are associated with the risk of specific disease [ 16 , 18 ]. Thus, validated reference ranges are yet to be truly established.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults

et al. 2015

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Circulating fatty acids (FA) are associated with a multitude of chronic diseases. However, a major gap in establishing such relationships is the lack of accepted fatty acid reference ranges representing healthy individuals. Data on validated FA reference ranges would provide a better understanding of study baseline measures and aid in the evaluation and interpretation of pharmaceutical or dietary interventions. Reference ranges for plasma FA levels have been reported in a few small studies and on a limited number of FA. Therefore, we determined the average and percentiles of a broad set of 61 FA (C14 - C24:1) from plasma total lipids from an ethnically diverse population of healthy young Canadian males and females (Total n = 826). Plasma concentrations of some of the major FA ranged from 0.3 to 4.1 mmol/L for palmitic acid, 0.1 to 1.0 mmol/L for stearic acid, 0.03 to 3.2 mmol/L for oleic acid, 0.2 to 5.0 mmol/L for linoleic acid (LA), 12.0 to 186.9 μmol/L for α-linolenic acid, and 7.2 to 237.5 μmol/L for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Males had significantly higher plasma concentrations of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and lower concentrations of palmitoleic acid, LA and DHA than females. Comparison of FA concentrations between Caucasians, East Asians and South Asians revealed that South Asians had significantly lower levels of palmitoleic acid (p < 0.01) and oleic acid (p = 0.01) while East Asians had lower levels of GLA (p = 0.02) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (p = 0.03). Overall, these data provide a comprehensive set of quantitative values that profiles a small cohort of Canadians which highlights the utility of establishing validated FA reference ranges that may be used to understand how deficient, suboptimal, or excess amounts of a given FA may be associated with chronic disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults

et al. 2015

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“…This is clinically relevant as earlier studies have suggested important differences in unsaturated fatty acids between men and women (Schmuck et al, 1998;Sera et al, 1994) and have implicated n-3 PUFA as a factor which affects pregnancy outcomes (Popp-Snijders et al, 1986) and neonatal development (Holman et al, 1991). These data may therefore facilitate the rational design of further studies on PUFA metabolism and supplementation in pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Fatty acid status of women of reproductive age

et al. 2001

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Objective: Healthy foetal and infant development is dependent on an adequate maternal supply of essential and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). While there are published data on the fatty acid status of pregnant women, there are few on the status of non-pregnant women of reproductive age. The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that the fatty acid status of non-pregnant women is affected by socio-economic status and anthropometric, behavioural and obstetric factors. Design: Observational study Methods: One-hundred and thirty-®ve women of child-bearing age (mean 29.8 y, s.d. 6.92) were invited to provide a blood sample and to answer a questionnaire, of whom 114 were included in the study. Plasma and red cell total fatty acids were measured as their methyl esters by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results: On multivariate analyses, use of hormonal contraception was independently associated with lower plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (difference between means À2.76, 95% con®dence interval (À4.64, À0.88), P 0.0034), whereas cigarette smoking was associated with higher red cell oleic acid (0.74 (0.18, 1.29), P 0.0094). Fish intake was associated with higher red cell total n-3 fatty acids (0.62 (0.27, 0.85), P 0.0014). Conclusions:We have reported data on the range of the fatty acids of plasma and red blood cells (RBC) total lipids of 114 healthy women of reproductive age. These data provide further information on how socio-economic, anthropometric, behavioural and obstetric factors may be relevant to female and nutrition and health.

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“…FA doses between 50 µM and 500 µM are considered well within the physiologically relevant range for both human and rodent models [192,233,234] …”

Section: Scd1 Inhibition and Exogenous Fas Do Not Alter Makers Of Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in adipocyte fatty acid metabolism and cellular function

Ralston

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Worldwide obesity rates have risen to epidemic proportions, with over 600 million obese individuals across the globe. These individuals are prone to obesity-related health complications including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Obesity also coincides with the expansion of adipose tissue (AT), which has an important role storing excess calories in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) within adipocyte lipid droplets. The predominant fatty acids (FAs) comprising adipocyte TAGs are monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), which are produced by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). Specifically, SCD1 converts saturated FAs palmitate (PA) and stearate (SA) into palmitoleate (PMA) and oleate (OA), respectively.Interestingly, whole-body SCD1-deficiency is associated with reduced lipogenesis and adiposity.This places SCD1 as a potential target for obesity therapies; however, our understanding of the mechanisms linking SCD1 with changes in adipocyte function remains unclear. This thesis provides important new insights into how SCD1 impacts adipocyte FA metabolism and cellular function. Using a specific SCD1 inhibitor, changes in lipid metabolism, global gene expression, inflammation, cellular stress and basal insulin signaling were assessed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Results demonstrated that SCD1 inhibition caused a reduction in TAGs and phospholipids, which coincided with the down-regulation of genes associated with the biosynthesis of these lipid fractions. Cellular diacylglyerols were increased with SCD1 inhibition and insulin signaling was partially impaired. In contrast, markers of cellular stress were unaltered. Furthermore, the FA composition of each lipid fraction was dramatically modified, with SCD1-inhibited adipocytes specifically up-regulating the elongation of PA to SA. Stable isotope tracer experiments revealed that this elongation was occurring via elongase 6. Additionally, reduced SCD1 activity in adipocytes exacerbated the effects of exogenous SA on markers or inflammation. Taken together, SCD1 activity has many indirect influences on adipocyte metabolism in addition to its role in FA desaturation. Importantly, SCD1 facilitates the storage of FAs in TAGs and the ability of adipocytes to handle exogenous FAs. SCD1 also prevents saturated FA and DAG accumulation, and preserves insulin signaling in adipocytes. Ultimately this thesis highlights the importance of SCD1 in the maintenance of adipocyte cellular function, and emphasizes the wide-ranging impact of SCD1 on adipocyte FA metabolism.iv

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Evaluation of reference ranges for fatty acids in serum

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults

Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults

Fatty acid status of women of reproductive age

Elucidating the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in adipocyte fatty acid metabolism and cellular function

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