Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in a patient with musical hallucinations

Shoyama, Masaru; Ukai, Shigeo; Kitabata, Yuji; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Okumura, Minoru; Kose, Asami; Tsuji, Takao; Shinosaki, Kazuhiro

doi:10.1080/13554790903070265

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…More recently, Cavaliere et al [ 9 ] studied the fronto-temporal circuits involved in MH to determine if there is a morpho-functional circuit consistently involved in the development or experience of MH. That study, like previous research [ 23 ], showed functional connectivity in multiple cortical regions, or that there is inconsistent involvement of subcortical sections.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The current case is comparable to a case reported by Razdan et al [ 18 ] in which a patient had MH and hearing loss without any associated neuropsychiatric disorder. Such findings indicate that hearing loss is a common occurrence in individuals with MH [ 19 , 23 , 27 ]. To assess our patient’s experience of MH, a combination of clinical and cognitive assessment was used, in addition to functional and structural MRI, to investigate the neural basis of MH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musical Ear Syndrome in a Patient with Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Case Report

Aldhafeeri

2022

Am J Case Rep

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Patient: Male, 62-year-old Final Diagnosis: Hearing impairment Symptoms: Hallucinations • hearing impairment Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Audiology Objective: Unknown etiology Background: Hearing music that has no source is known as musical ear syndrome, also known as musical hallucinations (MH), and is often associated with hearing impairment. This report is of a 62-year-old man with a 20-year history of unilateral hearing loss and continuous MH. We investigated the neural basis of MH in a subject without any known neurological or psychiatric disorders. Case Report: A 62-year-old man had a history of 20 years of symptomatic mild hearing loss accompanied with continuous MH in the form of multiple tones. The MH were unilateral in the left side and much more likely to be experienced as externally located and uncontrollable. He underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results indicated increased activity and reduced cortical thickness in multiple cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporal and limbic regions, indicating complex processing and involvement. Conclusions: The neurological findings indicate differentiated or multiple-area involvement in MH. These morpho-functional changes may represent a neural reorganization causing MH to arise. The altered or activated regions are all related to the processing of emotions and the processing of episodic memory, which has been seen in the MH of schizophrenic patients. This report also highlights that patients with hearing loss may present with continuous MH, and that these patients should not be assumed to have delusions or psychosis, but should be investigated for underlying auditory abnormalities and treated appropriately.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musical Ear Syndrome in a Patient with Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Case Report

Aldhafeeri

2022

Am J Case Rep

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“…Some 11 articles were identified. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] We excluded two articles that were unrelated to the topic. 12,13 In addition to the PubMed search, nine other relevant clinical case reports of functional neuroimaging studies on MHs were identified based on bibliographies and our knowledge of the subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musical hallucinations: a brief review of functional neuroimaging findings

et al. 2016

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Musical hallucinations are uncommon phenomena characterized by intrusive and frequently distressful auditory musical percepts without an external source, often associated with hypoacusis, psychiatric illness, focal brain lesion, epilepsy, and intoxication/pharmacology. Their physiological basis is thought to involve diverse mechanisms, including "release" from normal sensory or inhibitory inputs as well as stimulation during seizures, or they can be produced by functional or structural disorders in diverse cortical and subcortical areas. The aim of this review is to further explore their pathophysiology, describing the functional neuroimaging findings regarding musical hallucinations. A literature search of the PubMed electronic database was conducted through to 29 December 2015. Search terms included "musical hallucinations" combined with the names of specific functional neuroimaging techniques. A total of 18 articles, all clinical case reports, providing data on 23 patients, comprised the set we reviewed. Diverse pathological processes and patient populations with musical hallucinations were included in the studies. Converging data from multiple studies suggest that the superior temporal sulcus is the most common site and that activation is the most common mechanism. Further neurobiological research is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of musical hallucinations.

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“…As Zatorre and Halpern (2005) speculate, “Feedback signals from auditory cortex could be important in distinguishing between imagery and a real sound coming from the environment” (p. 10); we can now add that it is most likely that an activation of the primary auditory cortex determines whether a sound source is perceived as real or as imagery. Shoyama et al (2010) present one case where the sound source is located in the head and simultaneously considered real (p. 3). By means of electroencephalogram (EEG), subcortical and cortical regions were found to be active.…”

Section: Possible Neural Substrates and The Role Of The Primary Audit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the distinction between involuntary musical imagery, musical hallucinosis, and musical hallucinations.

Hemming

Merrill

2015

Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain

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Musical imagery can occur in at least five different conditions: (1) voluntary musical imagery: participants are asked to imagine a tune; (2) involuntary musical imagery (a.k.a. as “earworms”): music comes to mind without deliberate attempt; (3) permanent involuntary musical imagery: long-term imagery, “earworms” that become chronic and persist; (4) musical hallucinosis: a disorder associated with musical hallucinations among individuals with organic impairments such as hearing loss; and (5) musical hallucinations: music is “simply there” as a symptom of various (mental) disorders. This article is an attempt at a qualitative distinction between these imagery conditions based on a continuum of how real versus how imagery-like the percept of music is. We propose that these behavioral specifications find their neural correlate in the activation of the primary auditory cortex. The underlying etiology and (possible) pathological condition might not be the most favorable classifier of the brain activity on this level. The model suggested is based on an existing review of the literature, including metastudies and a number of single-case studies. In our view, the foremost duty in handling individuals affected by long-term imagery is to provide a proper and differentiated diagnosis, to overcome their biggest concern that they might be “turning mad.” The cases reported suggest that the conditions and symptoms are stable and not progressive, which might be of some relief. A research strategy is suggested to investigate the validity of the model and to test the hypothesis.

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Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in a patient with musical hallucinations

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Musical Ear Syndrome in a Patient with Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Case Report

Musical Ear Syndrome in a Patient with Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Case Report

Musical hallucinations: a brief review of functional neuroimaging findings

On the distinction between involuntary musical imagery, musical hallucinosis, and musical hallucinations.

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