Evaluation of resistance of new sunflower hybrids to broomrape in the breeding programs in Novi Sad

Abstract

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) presents a serious problem in sunflower production in a number of countries, it reduces sunflower seed yield and negatively affects other sunflower traits in sunflower production. Continued work on creating new sunflower hybrids resistant to broomrape requires testing of breeding materials in both field conditions and controlled conditions of a greenhouse. The best solution is to do the testing simultaneously in order to verify the congruence of the evaluation of the broomrape resistance achieved by these two methods. The screening of chosen new 15 sunflower hybrids for broomrape resistance was done in 2009 and 2010 in infected field on two locations in Vojvodina Province and in 2010 in greenhouse. Both field and the greenhouse tests rated the hybrids exclusively on the basis of presence or absence of the parasite. The infection of hybrids with broomrape has shown that out of 15 hybrids tested, 9 hybrids were resistant. These hybrids were fully resistant in both years in field conditions and controlled greenhouse conditions during one year. Fully resistant hybrids in field conditions and in greenhouse conditions NS-H-6385 and NS-H-6396 had significantly higher seed yield, seed oil content and oil yield in relation to standard.

Gene banks for wild and cultivated sunflower genetic resources

“…In order to discover new resistance genes to Orobanche, both CWR per se (Terzić et al, 2010;Jocković et al, 2018) and inbred lines of cultivated sunflower originating from interspecific crosses have been tested. As a result, resistance genes to new races of O. cumana were recently detected in inbred lines originating from crosses with H. deserticola (Hladni et al, 2012), H. tuberosus and H. divaricatus (Cvejić et al, 2014). The resistance genes from these sources have been subsequently mapped, and the developed molecular markers will expedite their transfer into commercial lines (Imerovski et al, 2013(Imerovski et al, , 2016(Imerovski et al, , 2019.…”

Recent progress on sunflower broomrape research in China

“…Many genetic studies on the sunflower resistance carried out in many countries indicated that sunflower resistant to broomrape is controlled by either a single dominant gene (Burlov and Kostyuk, 1976; Pogorletsky and Geshele, 1976;Ish-Shalom-Gordon et al, 1993) or multiple genes. Velasco et al (2012) also confirmed that dominant alleles in sunflower controlled the resistance against race G. However, some results indicated that the sunflower resistance to broomrape was controlled by multiple genes, for example two recessive genes or6 and or7 control resistance to race F (Cubero, 1991;Pérez-Vich et al, 2004;Hladni et al, 2012;Louarn et al, 2016). In China, Zhang et al generated three combinations using a resistant line P1 and a susceptible line P2, and identified the resistance and susceptible separation ratio in F1, F2 and BC1 population (P2), they concluded that sunflower resistance to broomrape was controlled by a pair of dominant alleles; hence proposed a breeding procedure to improve the resistance level of new varieties (Zhang et al, 2006).…”