Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Amblyopia

Atakan, Mehmet; Çulfa, afak; Çall, Ümit; Penbe, Ay egül Demir; Atakan, Tu ba Gença a; Özertürk, Yusuf

doi:10.4172/2155-9570.1000437

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…35 Regarding macular thickness, previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results, with some investigations showing that the amblyopic eyes have increased macular thickness compared with fellow eyes, 1,2,36 or control eyes, 1,2,4,36 or no significant differences. 3,10,30 Our study demonstrated significantly greater overall macular thickness in amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes. Furthermore, analysis of the individual retinal layers showed that most inner retinal layers were thicker in amblyopic eyes, the previous reports on which have been somewhat inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…A mblyopia is a common disease in which vision in one or both eyes does not develop properly during childhood due to refractive error differences, strabismus, visual form deprivation, or bilateral high refractive errors. Amblyopia was once considered a disorder of the visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus without structural abnormalities in the retina; however, since the advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), several studies have reported possible structural changes compared with normal eyes, including differences in macular thickness, [1][2][3][4] retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), [1][2][3] and individual retinal layers, 5,6 and macular capillary vascular structure, including the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Although these findings may provide novel insights to our understanding of amblyopia, they are now called into question.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Macular Microvasculature and Associated Retinal Layer Thickness in Pediatric Amblyopia: Magnification-Corrected Analyses

Nishikawa

Chua

Kawaguchi

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize macular microvasculature and structural retinal layers using magnification-corrected optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images in children with amblyopia. METHODS.This prospective cross-sectional study included 22 children with unilateral amblyopia (4-11 years of age) receiving spectral-domain OCTA. Vessel densities in foveal and parafoveal regions of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were measured in amblyopic and fellow eyes using a customized image analysis program correcting the scale of retinal image with axial length. Iowa Reference Algorithms (Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging) were used to measure mean thickness values of 10 intra-retinal layers rescaled for image size correction. RESULTS.Foveal and parafoveal vessel densities in amblyopic eyes were lower than that of the fellow eyes in the SCP (fovea: P = 0.006 and parafovea: P = 0.003) and the DCP (P = 0.024 and P = 0.025, respectively). Amblyopic eyes had significantly smaller foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area than fellow eyes (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in retinal layer thickness between paired eyes, particularly in the inner retina in both foveal and parafoveal regions; retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (P = 0.024 and P = 0.095, respectively), ganglion cell layer (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008), inner plexiform layer (IPL; P = 0.12 and P = 0.037), inner nuclear layer (P = 0.005 and P = 0.005), and outer plexiform layer (OPL; P = 0.02 and P = 0.057), except in the foveal IPL, the parafoveal RNFL, and OPL. CONCLUSIONS.Unilateral amblyopic eyes demonstrate reduced macular vessel density and thicker inner retinal layers compared with fellow eyes even after correcting for image magnification. Changes in macular microvasculature and structural layers may offer valuable insights in the development of amblyopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

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confidence: 99%

Macular Microvasculature and Associated Retinal Layer Thickness in Pediatric Amblyopia: Magnification-Corrected Analyses

Nishikawa

Chua

Kawaguchi

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Many studies examined the amblyopic retinal thickness using OCT and the degree of retinal involvement accompanying amblyopia is controversial. Some of these studies reported no differences between amblyopic and their healthy normal fellow eyes [6][7][8][9][10], whereas others reported significant differences between amblyopic and healthy eyes [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Macular Ganglion Cell Evaluation in Unilateral Amblyopia using Optical Coherence Tomography

El-Fiky¹,

Fayed²,

El-Nagar³

2020

Benha Journal of Applied Sciences

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The aim of the current study is to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular parameters and ganglion cell thickness (GCL+) in unilateral anisometropic amblyopic eye in relation to the normal healthy fellow eye and control one using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This study included 56 eyes of 28 cases aged from 8-30 years old subdivided into: 20 amblyopic eyes of patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia (group A), 20 sound fellow eyes of the unilateral anisometropic amblyopic patients (group B) and 16 emmetropic eyes of normal non amblyopic control (group C). Anisometropic amblyopic patients further subdivided according to refractive error into hypermetropic, myopic, and astigmatic amblyopic subgroups. All cases underwent detailed ophthalmic examination including visual acuity by Snellen's chart, cycloplegic refraction, ocular motility and alignment test, slit lamb biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, fundus examination and OCT imaging by SD-OCT. Regarding peripapillary RNFL thickness, macular parameters including (central macular thickness (CMT), average macular thickness and macular volume), and GCL+ thickness, there was no significant difference among the amblyopic, fellow eyes, and normal eyes of non-amblyopic group, P˃0.05 . By further analysis to compare subgroups according to the refractive error between amblyopic and their fellow eyes, peripapillary RNFL thickness revealed a significant increase in amblyopic eyes of hypermetropic (mean 121.750±8.647µm) and astigmatic subgroups (mean 111.888±7.043µm) compared with their fellow eyes (116.125±8.509 and 107.333±6.480) respectively, but it was significantly thinner in myopic amblyopic eyes (mean 81.333±23.352µm) than that of their fellow eyes (mean 110.00±17.578). CMT revealed a significant increase in myopic amblyopic eyes (mean 199.00±26.851µm) compared with their fellow eyes (mean 191.00±26.00µm). Other OCT parameters did not significantly differ between amblyopic and their fellow eyes in different subgroups. OCT parameters including peripapillary RNFL thickness, macular parameters, and GCL+ thickness showed no significant difference among the amblyopic, fellow eyes, and normal eyes of non-amblyopic group. Hypermetropic and astigmatism amblyopic eyes showed increased peripapillary RNFL thickness than their fellow eyes, while myopic amblyopic eyes had decreased peripapillary RNFL thickness than their fellow eyes. CMT revealed a significant increase in amblyopic eyes of the myopic anisometropic subgroup compared with their fellow eyes.

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“…[1] Various studies are available documenting changes in macular thickness (MT), foveal thickness (FT), and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) in amblyopic eyes. [345678] However, there are only few studies available on analysis of these parameters following occlusion therapy. Hence, the purpose of our study was not only to analyze the structural changes in retina (MT, FT, and RNFLT) in unilateral anisometropic amblyopic eyes and compare the same with the normal fellow eyes and normal eyes of normal children but also to understand the same following occlusion therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of macular, foveal, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and their changes following occlusion therapy

Kavitha¹,

Heralgi²,

Harishkumar³

et al. 2019

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To analyze macular thickness (MT), foveal thickness (FT), and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and their changes following occlusion therapy. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, and comparative study of 60 children aged between 5 and 18 years consisted of two groups, group 1: 30 children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia; group 2: 30 normal children. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), a detailed ocular examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography for MT, FT, and RNFLT in both eyes were done at visit one (baseline) and every 3 months for a year following occlusion therapy (initiated one month after first visit) in group 1. Results: Mean BCVA, MT, FT, and RNFLT in amblyopic eyes at first visit were 0.63 ± 0.405, 286.9 ± 6.522 μm, 195.90 ± 8.462 μm, and 100.87 ± 6.240 μm, respectively and at last visit after occlusion therapy were 0.50 ± 0.318, 248.9 ± 11.681 μm, 169.47 ± 10.941 μm, and 99.43 ± 5.722 μm, respectively. At first visit, mean BCVA, MT, FT, and RNFLT in nonamblyopic eyes (group 1) were 0 ± 0, 240 ± 10.447 μm, 159.27 ± 9.285 μm, 98.63 ± 4.723 μm and in normal eyes (group 2: average of right and left eyes) were 0 ± 0, 239.8 ± 4.294 μm, 143.6 ± 4.61 μm, 100.5 ± 2.895 μm, respectively. Conclusion: MT and FT, which were more in amblyopic eyes as compared to normal fellow eyes and group 2, decreased with improvement in BCVA after occlusion therapy. However, there was no difference in RNFLT between amblyopic eyes and normal fellow eyes and group 2 before and after occlusion therapy.

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Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Amblyopia

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Macular Microvasculature and Associated Retinal Layer Thickness in Pediatric Amblyopia: Magnification-Corrected Analyses

Macular Microvasculature and Associated Retinal Layer Thickness in Pediatric Amblyopia: Magnification-Corrected Analyses

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Macular Ganglion Cell Evaluation in Unilateral Amblyopia using Optical Coherence Tomography

Analysis of macular, foveal, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia and their changes following occlusion therapy

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