Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Concentration of Beetroot Peel Extract

Abstract

Recovery of valuable products from organic wastes with conventional extraction method plus modern separation technology is becoming popular in solid waste management. The major attention of this project was to test the efficiencies of two different types of reverse osmosis membranes (RO99 and X20) on juice concentration extracted from peel of beetroot which is "waste". The extractions of beetroot peel were completed using water and ethanol-water (15 v/v%) solvents at 22 °C for 60 minutes. The applied transmembrane pressure, temperature, and recirculation flow rate of membrane separation process were 40 bars, 30 °C, and 400 L/h, respectively. Quantifications of valuable compounds were detected using spectrophotometer. The permeate flux profiles were investigated and lower permeate flux was experienced with RO99 compared to X20 in both methods. Additionally, from the aspect of efficiency, RO99 outstripped X20 membrane on concentration of some compounds such as betalains, and phenolic components. Betaxanthin, betacyanin, antioxidant and TPC contents in final retentates of RO99 membrane concentration were as follow: 292.47±1.93 mg/L, 499.03±1.3 mg/L, 1133.15±25.74 mg/L,1243.96±106.56 mg/L (water solvent) and 337.26±4.31 mg/L, 585.2±5.83 mg/L, 698.55±22.53 mg/L, 1268.87±48.69 mg/L (ethanol-water solvent), respectively. From this experiment, expectation can be made that membrane technology can widen its applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Emerging technology approach for extractability and stability of betalains from the peel of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

“…Impurities = A 538 − BC TBC = BC + BX − Impurities betalains at a specified time (C t ) per the below equations [22,23].…”

“…In contrast, almost double amounts of BX and BC were recovered conventionally with 15% (v/v) aqueous ethanol at 22 °C in 1 h of extraction time from beetroot (Rhonda variety) peel as to pure water [31]. With high water affinity, betalains compound extraction can simply be accomplished by pure water though changes in polarity of the solvent are also beneficial to accomplish the extraction performance, which can further be deduced by the company of water-soluble proteins [23,28,32]. According to Chong et al [33], water encourages the implementation of the desired compounds extraction with less impurity than alcoholic solvents.…”

Characterization of Cylindra Beetroot Wastes Volarized With Green Solvent by Thermal Emerging Technology (Microwave Irradiation)

“…Where; c is molar concentration, A is real absorbance, DF is the dilution factor, ɛ is molar attenuation coefficient ( 1% 1 = 1120 for betacyanin and 1% 1 = 750 for betaxanthin), and l is the path length (1 cm). Visualization of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was performed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method [26]. In summary, the sample solution (20 µL) was mixed with 1250 µL of Folin reagent and 230 µL of the methanoldistilled water solution and waited for one minute before the addition of 1000 µL of sodium carbonate solution due to the proper intimation of Folin reagent and the sample.…”

Recovery of Phytochemicals via Electromagnetic Irradiation (Microwave-Assisted-Extraction): Betalain and Phenolic Compounds in Perspective

“…The disturbance of some endogenous enzymes can be overcome by blanching at 70 • C for 2 min [13,27]. Betalain colorants are available in the form of concentrates [44] and dried powder through air, freeze, or spray drying [43,45], and are normally used in dairy and confectioneries and even in meat products [27,46], although addition in cold products is preferable because of their thermal sensitiveness. Furthermore, Sivakumar and coworkers [47] investigated their application for leather dying through the sonic extraction method.…”