Evaluation of RNA-binding motif protein 3 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: an immunohistochemical study

Abstract

BackgroundRNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), involved in cell survival, has paradoxically been linked to both oncogenesis as well as an increased survival in several cancers, including urothelial carcinoma (UCA).MethodsThe putative prognostic role of RBM3 was studied using cystectomy specimens with 152 invasive UCA with 35 matched metastases, 65 carcinomas in situ (CIS), 22 high-grade papillary UCAs (PAP), and 112 benign urothelium cases.ResultsThe H-score (HS, staining intensity × % of positive cells) was used for RBM3 immunoexpression. CIS showed the highest HS (mean = 140) followed by benign urothelium (mean = 97). Metastases showed higher HS than primary invasive UCA (P ≤ 0.0001), and high HS was associated with a lower pT stage (P ≤ 0.0001) and a trend toward the absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI, P = 0.09), but not pN stage (P = 0.35) and surgical margin status (P = 0.81). Univariate analysis (UVA) of disease recurrence only showed an association between pN stage and LVI (P = 0.005 and 0.03, respectively). On UVA of mortality, pT stage was strongly associated with death (P = 0.01) while pN stage, LVI, surgical margin status, and HS were not. Multivariate analysis confirmed the lack of HS association with recurrence (P = 0.08) and death (P = 0.32).ConclusionsStronger RBM3 immunoexpression correlated with lower stage tumors and a diminished risk for LVI. However, RBM3 does not seem to carry a prognostic significance for clinical outcome (recurrence and mortality). The exact prognostic role of RBM3 in UCA is yet to be determined.

Podocalyxin-like and RNA-binding motif protein 3 are prognostic biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer: a validatory study

“…The herein used antibody for detection of RBM expression has been extensively validated [20, 30] and the only seeming contradiction to our findings regarding the prognostic value of RBM3 expression in UBC is a TMA study on cystectomy specimens [36]. However, clinical follow-up was only available for 106 patients out of a total reported number of 274 cases reported in this study, with a mean duration of 2 years.…”

Cold-inducible proteins CIRP and RBM3, a unique couple with activities far beyond the cold

“…Moreover, low RBM3 in testicular non-seminomatous germ cell cancer correlates with high risk of treatment failure [ 187 ]. Reduced RBM3 levels in urothelial bladder cancer are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis [ 188 ], while high RBM3 expression correlates with lower stage tumors and decreased risk of lymphovascular invasion [ 189 ].…”

Impact of RNA‑binding motif 3 expression on the whole transcriptome of prostate cancer cells: An RNA sequencing study

“…The involvement of RBM3 in tumor development and progression has recently become a research focus. Accumulating data have shown that RBM3 is upregulated in various human tumors, but is associated with a good prognosis, although this finding remains controversial (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). However, the association between RBM3 and PCa remains unexplored.…”

“…Additionally, RBM3 was found to be associated with brain development and may serve an important role in the differentiation of nerve cells (4). Although there have been a number of studies showing that RBM3 is upregulated in multiple cancer types, including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer and PCa, the increased expression level of RBM3 in tumor samples was largely associated with a good prognosis (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). However, the role of RBM3 in PCa remains controversial.…”