Evaluation of salivary and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in patients with periodontal and cardiovascular disease as subclinical marker of cardiovascular risk

Abstract

BackgroundAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) plays a crucial role in endothelial function and maybe a link for the known interaction of periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD). In this pilot study, we compared the impact of gingival health, periodontitis (CP), CHD, or of both diseases (CP + CHD) on salivary and serum ADMA levels.MethodsThe clinical and periodontal characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 35 patients with CP, 33 patients with CHD, 35 patients with both CP + CHD, and 35 healthy subjects. Levels of ADMA and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were assessed with a commercially available kit.ResultsThe median (25% and 75% percentile) concentrations of salivary and serum ADMA were significantly higher in the CHD group [serum: 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8) μmol/L; salivary 1.3 (1 to 1.7) μmol/g protein, P < 0.01] and in the CP + CHD [serum: 1.8 (1.4 to 2.0) μmol/L; salivary 1.5 (1.2 to 1.7) μmol/g protein, P < 0.001] group compared to CP patients and controls. In univariate models, CP (P = 0.034), CHD (P < 0.001), and hs‐CRP (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with serum ADMA, whereas in a multivariate model, hs‐CRP remained a significant predictor of serum ADMA (P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the significant predictors of salivary ADMA levels were hs‐CRP (P < 0.001) and education socioeconomic status (P = 0.042).ConclusionsPatients with CHD and CP + CHD presented higher levels of salivary and serum ADMA compared to healthy subjects and CP patients. hs‐CRP was a significant predictor of increased salivary and serum ADMA levels.

Active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) as a Grading and Staging Biomarker in the Periodontitis Classification

“…Many other potential biomarkers to detect periodontitis and related systemic diseases have been investigated as well [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]; these include, along with others, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), PMN elastase, vitamin C and also antioxidants [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. For example, vitamin C is linked to oxidative MMP-activation cascade by its recorded ability to prevent the oxidative activation of proMMP-8 [44].…”

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Improves the Osteogenic and Vasculogenic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Presence of Inflammation In Vitro

“…Several studies have evidenced a positive correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease, stroke, and endothelial dysfunction [15,16]. In very recent works, numerous molecules have been identified in serum and saliva of patients suffering from both periodontitis and CVD, in particular high levels of endothelin-1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine, and low levels of vitamin C and antioxidants, which can be used as novel biomarkers for predicting the development of these different but related diseases [17][18][19].…”

Description of a Digital Work-Flow for CBCT-Guided Construction of Micro-Implant Supported Maxillary Skeletal Expander

“…The use of skeletal anchorage is getting widespread among orthodontists since it facilitates the management of complex orthodontic biomechanics; as a consequence, skeletal anchorage can be useful in treating borderline cases such as transversal maxillary deficiency in adults. In this respect, miniscrews-assisted rapid maxillary expansion was found to effectively open the mid-palatal suture in adults without the necessity to undergo orthognathic surgery [12,24,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”