Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: To investigate the diagnostic potential of salivary biomarkers and built a prediction panel for diagnosing periodontal disease. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 85 participants were enrolled in the study and divided into healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis groups based on their periodontal examine results, a full mouth periodontal examination were received and unstimulated saliva were collected. Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP and Pg were assessed and their potential of diagnosing periodontal disease were analyzed, the combinational prediction panels of periodontal disease were evaluated. Results: The periodontitis group showed significantly higher level of IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP and Pg compared to healthy group and higher level of IL-1β, ICTP and Pg compared to gingivitis group, the gingivitis group showed higher level of IL-1β, MMP-8 and Pg compared to healthy group. As a single marker, IL-1β showed the best diagnostic value of four markers and exhibited an AUC value of 0.88 with 94% sensitivity and 71% specificity to discriminate periodontitis from healthy subjects, an AUC value of 0.81 with 82% sensitivity and 76% specificity to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects and an AUC value of 0.67 with 69% sensitivity and 64% specificity to discriminate periodontitis from gingivitis subjects. The combination of IL-1, ICTP and Pg exhibited the highest value to discriminate periodontitis from healthy (AUC=0.94) and gingivitis (AUC=0.78) subjects, the combination of IL-1 and MMP-8 exhibited the best value to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects (AUC=0.85). Conclusions: Salivary IL-1β, MMP-8, ICTP and Pg showed discriminate efficiency for diagnosing periodontal disease, the combination of IL-1, ICTP and Pg can be used to discriminate periodontitis from healthy and gingivitis subjects and the combination of IL-1 and MMP-8 can be used to discriminate gingivitis from healthy subjects.

Relationship between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases among a sample of Yemeni Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Moreover, Alb is a well-known marker of nutritional status [39]. The use of biomarkers showed a valuable results in many recent stuides that showed a relation between the level of biomrakers and diagnosis of periodontal diseases [33][34][35][36].…”

“…According to recent studies, biomarkers can expect the presence of periodontal diseases. According to Zhang et al 2021, the combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to distinguish stage III periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects [34]. Also, the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to differentiate between gingivitis patients from healthy subjects [34].…”

“…According to Zhang et al 2021, the combination of IL-1β, ICTP, and Pg can be used to distinguish stage III periodontitis subjects from healthy subjects and gingivitis subjects [34]. Also, the combination of IL-1β and MMP-8 can be used to differentiate between gingivitis patients from healthy subjects [34]. Another study showed that periodontitis patients had higher serum and salivary NLRP3 concentrations in comparison to healthy controls which means that Periodontitis could be a signi cant predictor of both serum and salivary NLRP3 concentrations.…”

Salivary Lactoferrin Levels, Disease Severity and Correlates in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Presenting to a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria.

“…2 A number of biomarkers such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukins and tumor necrosis factor -alpha, are being investigated as useful candidates for early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. 5,6 However, most of these markers detect periodontal destruction rather than the initial oxidative stress that occurs during periodontal inflammation. 5 The pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and a wide range of disorders such as arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are strongly linked to oxidative stress arising from the imbalance between ROS and the host antioxidant system.…”

“…5,6 However, most of these markers detect periodontal destruction rather than the initial oxidative stress that occurs during periodontal inflammation. 5 The pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and a wide range of disorders such as arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are strongly linked to oxidative stress arising from the imbalance between ROS and the host antioxidant system. 7,8,9 .…”