Evaluation of Salivary Cortisol and Anxiety Levels in Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome

Nadendla, Lakshmi Kavitha; Venkateswarlu, M; Paramkusam, Geetha; Pachava, Koteswara Rao

doi:10.3344/kjp.2014.27.1.30

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Eleven of these, performed on a population of 5802 subjects, showed this relationship to be significantly correlated (Mongini et al, 2007; Nifosì et al, 2007; Komiyama et al, 2008; de Tommaso et al, 2009; Galli et al, 2009; Manfredini et al, 2011; Guarda-Nardini et al, 2012; Kindler et al, 2012; Klasser et al, 2014; Nadendla et al, 2014). The quality of evidence for this group was moderate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Status as a Common Factor for Masticatory Muscle Pain: A Systematic Review

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Masticatory muscle pain (MMP) is the primary reason for chronic non-odontogenic orofacial pain in the human population. MMP has become a considerable social problem, which affects about 12–14% of the adult population and is 1.5–2 times more frequent in women than in men. This term defines a pain which has its origins in the masticatory muscles. Although MMP is typically felt in the face, jaws, and preauricular area, MMP can radiate to the ear, teeth, head, and neck. This systematic review explains the relationship between MMP and common mental states, such as anxiety, depression, mood and stress-related disorders, and is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We performed a search in the PubMed database for peer-reviewed articles published after November 1st 2006 in the context of MMP and mental states. According to the defined criteria, 38 studies were finally included into the systematic review, of which prospective cohort studies were found to be the most common. We investigated four primary outcomes (anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and stress-related disorders) and several secondary outcomes of search. Seventy-nine percent of studies concerned depression, 42% anxiety, 29% mood disorders, and 21% stress-related disorders. Most of the studies showed a relationship between MMP and alterations in mental status. Nonetheless, the researchers usually evidenced only the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and dysfunctions of the masticatory muscles among the group of patients, in large part in women. Moreover, some studies were marked with limited generalizability of the reported results, quality flaws and heterogeneity. In the light of the analyzed literature, the causal relationship between mental states and MMP is still not clearly established.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Status as a Common Factor for Masticatory Muscle Pain: A Systematic Review

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many painful syndromes including myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, and sympathetic maintained pain syndromes, are commonly combined with anxiety [ 34 , 35 ]. Etifoxine shows less adverse effects of anterograde amnesia, sedation, impaired psychomotor performance, and withdrawal syndromes than those of benzodiazepines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etifoxine for Pain Patients with Anxiety

Choi

Kim

2015

Korean J Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Etifoxine (etafenoxine, Stresam®) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic with an anticonvulsant effect. It was developed in the 1960s for anxiety disorders and is currently being studied for its ability to promote peripheral nerve healing and to treat chemotherapy-induced pain. In addition to being mediated by GABAAα2 receptors like benzodiazepines, etifoxine appears to produce anxiolytic effects directly by binding to β2 or β3 subunits of the GABAA receptor complex. It also modulates GABAA receptors indirectly via stimulation of neurosteroid production after etifoxine binds to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) of the outer mitochondrial membrane in the central and peripheral nervous systems, previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Therefore, the effects of etifoxine are not completely reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. Etifoxine is used for various emotional and bodily reactions followed by anxiety. It is contraindicated in situations such as shock, severely impaired liver or kidney function, and severe respiratory failure. The average dosage is 150 mg per day for no more than 12 weeks. The most common adverse effect is drowsiness at the initial stage. It does not usually cause any withdrawal syndromes. In conclusion, etifoxine shows less adverse effects of anterograde amnesia, sedation, impaired psychomotor performance, and withdrawal syndromes than those of benzodiazepines. It potentiates GABAA receptor-function by a direct allosteric effect and by an indirect mechanism involving the activation of TSPO. It seems promising that non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics including etifoxine will replenish shortcomings of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors according to animated studies related to TSPO.

show abstract

“…As the literature has suggested that the links between acute and chronic stress, psychopathology, and HPA function may differ among males and females ( 24 - 31 ), in the current study we examined sex differences in the predictive role of anxiety symptoms during adolescence on annual decline of morning salivary cortisol level during early adulthood among Blacks. As most of the research on the association between HPA axis and anxiety originates from cross-sectional studies ( 1 , 19 ), the current longitudinal study with long term follow up is believed to make a unique contribution to the literature.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety Symptoms During Adolescence Predicts Salivary Cortisol in Early Adulthood Among Blacks; Sex differences

Assari

Lankarani

Caldwell

et al. 2015

Int J Endocrinol Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Although the link between psychological distress and altered cortisol level has been already shown; very limited information exists about this association among Black youth.Objectives:We tested sex differences in predictive role of symptoms of anxiety during adolescence on annual decline in morning salivary cortisol levels in early adulthood among Black youth.Patients and Methods:Data came from wave 1 (year 1994), wave 6 (year 2000), and wave 7 (year 2001) of the Flint adolescent study. In this study 176 Black youth (85 males and 91 females) were followed for 7 years from mean age of 15 at baseline to 22 at the end of follow up. Linear regression was used for data analysis with change in salivary cortisol from 2000 to 2001 as the dependent variable, symptoms of anxiety, at 1994 as independent variable, age, number of employed parents, depressive symptoms and alcohol use at 1994 as controls, and sex as the moderator.Results:Higher level of anxiety symptoms at 1994 was predictive of a higher decline in morning salivary cortisol from 2000 to 2001 for all youths, while the effects of baseline socio-economics, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use were controlled. Among female participants, anxiety symptoms at 1994 were predictive of a greater decline in morning salivary cortisol level from 2000 to 2001. The association was not found among males.Conclusions:Our findings suggest sex differences in the predictive role of anxiety symptoms during adolescence on the annual decline in cortisol level during early adulthood. While most research on this topic is among White middle class individuals, our findings shed more light on the longitudinal links between psychological distress and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function among Black youth.

show abstract

Evaluation of Salivary Cortisol and Anxiety Levels in Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Mental Status as a Common Factor for Masticatory Muscle Pain: A Systematic Review

Mental Status as a Common Factor for Masticatory Muscle Pain: A Systematic Review

Etifoxine for Pain Patients with Anxiety

Anxiety Symptoms During Adolescence Predicts Salivary Cortisol in Early Adulthood Among Blacks; Sex differences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About