Evaluation of Saponin Loaded Gellan Gum Hydrogel Scaffold for Cartilage Regeneration

Abstract

Several concentrations of saponin (Sa), which is water-soluble, were fabricated well with gellan gum (GG) solution. Sa, found in many plants like clematis and ginseng, has long been used in traditional chinese medicine to treat joint diseases including osteoarthritis. Also it has its ability of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer. GG hydrogel is suitable as a cell encapsulating agent in the field of cartilage regeneration because of its easy processing and biocompatibility. In this study, GG hydrogel scaffolds with different concentration of Sa were conducted for analysis by SEM, FT-IR, compressive strength, water uptake, degradation rate, MTT assay, mRNA expression. It was observed that 0.025 wt% Sa/GG hydrogel scaffold shows good morphology, cell proliferation and mRNA expression results. The composite material supports cell growth covered with extracellular matrix (ECM) with maintaining its function. As a result, incorporation of Sa loaded with GG hydrogel scaffolds had positive result up to 0.025 wt% in cartilage regeneration.

Biological Role of Gellan Gum in Improving Scaffold Drug Delivery, Cell Adhesion Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…The mechanical properties of the GG are improved by combining it with inorganic materials (for their flexibility), and biopolymers (with poor rigidity) became common and smart solutions to improve the mechanical properties of GG. Composites of GG have been recently accomplished by the introduction of hydroxyapatite (HAp) [31], bioactive glass [32,33], calcium phosphate (CaP) [34], hyaluronic acid (HA) [35], demineralized bone powder (DBP) [36], polyethylene glycol [37], silk fibrin [38], agar [39], saponin [40], and chondroitin sulfate [41]. Table 1 shows the different types of GG composites that are used for biological applications.…”

“…Table 1 shows the different types of GG composites that are used for biological applications. GG is used in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, including for gene transfection, gene therapy, wound healing, cell adhesion, guided bone regeneration, dental care, ophthalmic formulations, biological signaling, and as protein carriers, biocides, and delivery agents [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. GG is used in various drug formulations like controlled release, continuous release, injectable nanoparticles, gel beads, and in situ gels [48][49][50][51].…”

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Injectable Betamethasone-Loaded Tyramine-Modified Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin Hydrogels

“…The sample was kept in the CO 2 incubator at 37 °C for 24 h. After incubation time, cells were centrifuged at 300 G for 3 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was removed, and cells were seeded on a flask with medium and kept in the CO 2 incubator at 37 °C until they are ready to be used [ 28 , 29 ]. The institutional and national guidelines and certification for animal experimentation were followed.…”

Adhesive hydrogels in osteoarthritis: from design to application

“…There are two frontline trends of hydrogel-based therapies for OA therapy [ 15 , 16 ]. The first one is using a hydrogel-based tissue scaffold implants for cartilage tissue regeneration, which falls within the scope of tissue engineering [ 17 – 19 ]. The second one is to develop hydrogel-based systems for delivering functional additives to the injured cartilage and maintain the stability of those active ingredients at the site over a prolonged time.…”