Evaluation of Satellite-Derived SST Products in Identifying the Rapid Temperature Drop on the West Florida Shelf Associated With Hurricane Irma

Liu, Yonggang; Weisberg, Robert H.; Law, Jason; Huang, Boyin

doi:10.4031/mtsj.52.3.7

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The wind data strongly indicate that cyclone Dorian was, in fact, the cause of the marked decrease of intertidal SST on 8 September. At lower latitudes, tropical hurricanes decrease SST in offshore environments due to shear-induced vertical mixing of waters, as subsurface layers of the ocean are typically cooler than surface layers, especially in summer (Korobkin et al, 2009;Lai et al, 2015;Glenn et al, 2016;Seroka et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2018). The timing of the sharp SST drop observed after the passage of Dorian agrees with observations made for tropical hurricanes (Rao et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Cyclones are extreme cases of wind forcing. Given their capacity for vertical mixing of upper ocean layers (Seroka et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2018), cyclones might also generate significant thermal fluctuations in intertidal habitats at hourly scales. However, this seems not to have been examined quantitatively, probably because of the low frequency of occurrence of coastal cyclones in comparison with tides and regular upwelling events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marked upwelling and SST drop after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast

Scrosati¹

2019

Preprint

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In intertidal environments, temperature fluctuations at hourly temporal scales are ecologically relevant because of the physiological stress that organisms must endure as a result. Tides constitute the main source of such changes, as low tides periodically expose intertidal habitats to aerial conditions, which can exhibit unusually high and low temperatures in summer and winter, respectively. The present study identifies another source of strong hourly thermal variation, one that acts only upon seawater (not air) temperature. Shortly after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast in September 2019, in-situ loggers revealed that sea surface temperature (SST) decreased in a matter of hours by 10-12 °C in intertidal environments. Data from online environmental services indicated that neither tidal amplitude nor air temperature were likely responsible for this marked SST drop. Conversely, data on wind speed support the notion that shear-induced vertical mixing of the water column caused by this cyclone was the main reason for the pronounced intertidal cooling. This is in line with previous studies that found offshore SST drops with tropical hurricanes. It remains to be seen how the observed decrease in SST may have affected intertidal organisms, as they were acclimated to summer conditions when Dorian hit the coast. As the frequency and intensity of cyclones in temperate latitudes is predicted to increase with climate change, cyclone-related intertidal thermal ecology might deserve further attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marked upwelling and SST drop after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast

Scrosati¹

2019

Preprint

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“…The warm-biased TC wakes in ATM could indicate that the cooling feature in OSTIA occurs after the end of the simulations. Also, 635 comparisons of OSTIA observations to moored buoys have shown that cyclone cold wakes can be poorly captured in OSTIA (Liu et al, 2018) due to the difficulty in obtaining accurate satellite SST measurements through thick clouds such as those associated with cyclones (Sunder et al, 2020). TC simulations are sensitive to initial SST conditions, as well as coupling (Feng et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones in a regional convection-permitting atmosphere–ocean coupled model

Saxby

Crook

Peatman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal can be extremely destructive when they make landfall in India and Bangladesh. Accurate prediction of their track and intensity is essential for disaster management. This study evaluates simulations of Bay of Bengal TCs using a regional convection-permitting atmosphere-ocean coupled model. The Met Office Unified Model atmosphere-only configuration (4.4 km horizontal grid spacing) is compared with a configuration coupled to a three-dimensional dynamical ocean model (2.2 km horizontal grid spacing). Simulations of six TCs from 2016–2019 show that both configurations produce accurate TC tracks for lead times of up to 6 days before landfall. Both configurations underestimate high wind speeds and high rain rates, and overestimate low wind speeds and low rain rates. The ocean-coupled configuration improves landfall timing predictions and reduces wind speed biases relative to observations outside the eyewall but underestimates maximum wind speeds in the eyewall for the most intense TCs. The coupled configuration produces weaker TCs than the atmosphere-only configuration, consistent with lower sea surface temperatures in the coupled model and an overestimated cooling response in TC wakes. Both model configurations accurately predict rain rate asymmetry, suggesting a good representation of TC dynamics. Much of the rain rate asymmetry variation in the simulations is related to wind shear variations, with a preference for higher rain rates in the down-shear left quadrant.

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“…If in situ SST data were available, the observed SST could be different. This is because most satellite-derived SST products might underestimate the rapid SST drop associated with hurricane/typhoon passage [38]. The SST dropped 4 degrees Celsius within one day after the passage of Hurricane Irma [38].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of a phytoplankton bloom triggered by a tropical cyclone and cyclonic eddies

Lü

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Strong tropical cyclone (TC) Ockhi occurred in the southeastern Arabian Sea (AS) in 2017. Ockhi greatly changed the oceanic conditions and induced large variation in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The dynamic mechanisms of the long-term phytoplankton bloom after the passage of the TC were investigated in this study. Prominent surface ocean responses, e.g., decreasing temperature and salinity, were identified from Argo data by comparing the pre-and post-conditions of the TC. A phytoplankton bloom was observed in southeastern AS after the passage of TC Ockhi within the area of (11˚N-14˚N, 67˚E-70˚E) and lasted for seven days. Interestingly, there were two weaker cyclonic eddies, with an average vorticity of less than 0.14 s-1 , on the TC trajectory from November 28 to December 2. As Ockhi approached, strong vertical mixing occurred on December 3, increasing the eddy vorticity to 0.26 s-1. After the passage of Ockhi, both eddies, with a two-day oscillation period, were substantially enhanced. Especially from December 11 to 16, the vorticity above 70 m was as high as 0.2 s-1 in the thermocline. Because of the high photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) and low precipitation, the enhanced cyclonic eddies induced upwelling for the entire thermocline for over ten days and uplifted nitrates into the mixed layer. This study offers new insights on the influence of eddies in regulating the impacts of typhoons on Chl-a, and the results can help evaluate typhoon-induced biological responses in the future.

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Evaluation of Satellite-Derived SST Products in Identifying the Rapid Temperature Drop on the West Florida Shelf Associated With Hurricane Irma

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Marked upwelling and SST drop after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast

Marked upwelling and SST drop after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast

Simulations of Bay of Bengal tropical cyclones in a regional convection-permitting atmosphere–ocean coupled model

A case study of a phytoplankton bloom triggered by a tropical cyclone and cyclonic eddies

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