Evaluation of seed nitrate assimilation and stimulation of phenolic-linked antioxidant on pentose phosphate pathway and nitrate reduction in three feed-plant species

Abstract

Background: Soil and water pollution due to nitrate are becoming increasingly serious worldwide. The government also put forward relevant governance policies, and a large number of scholars studied chemical physics and other methods to remove nitrate in water, but the cost was substantial. Studies have found that planting systems including grasses have the potential to remove nitrates. However, there are few studies on nitrate linked pathway and nitrate assimilation during its early growth. Results: We have evaluated three different feed-plant species with three levels of overnight seed nitrate treatments along with a control. The activity of different enzymes from 2 weeks old shoots was measured to get a comprehension of proline-associated pentose phosphate pathway coupled with nitrate assimilation and phenoliclinked antioxidant response system in these species under nitrate treatments. All three feed-plant species showed high nitrate tolerance during germination and early growth stages. It is perceived that the accumulation of total soluble phenolics and total antioxidant activity was high in all three feed-plant species under high nitrate treatments. In terms of high G6PDH activity along with low SDH activity in alfalfa, there may be a shift of carbon flux in this species under high nitrate treatments. Higher activity of these enzymes along with higher SOD and GPX activity was observed in alfalfa. The efficient mechanism of nitrate stress tolerance of alfalfa also correlated with higher photochemical efficiency. Perennial ryegrass also showed excellent potential under high nitrate treatments by adopting an efficient mechanism to counter nitrate-induced oxidative stress. Conclusions: Under the condition of nitrate treatment, the germination rates of the three feed-plant species are still ideal, and they have good enzyme activity and have the potential to remove nitrate.

Impacts of Nitrogen Deficiency on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain During the Medium Filling Stage: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Comparisons

“…Under N starvation conditions, the electron transport system is hindered, which induces a massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Shin et al, 2005 ; Lin et al, 2020 ). In order to resist oxidative stress, crops such as rice (Lian et al, 2006 ) and wheat (Wang et al, 2019 ) have developed antioxidant defense systems to detoxify ROS.…”

“…The PPP in plants accounts for more than 50% of sugar metabolism and is responsive to stresses. Recent studies have reported that the PPP plays an important role in tolerating nitrate stress (Lin et al, 2020) and cold acclimation responses (Sarkar and Bhowmik, 2009). In the PPP, glucose is directly oxidized and decomposed independently of glycolysis and the TAC.…”

Certain Environmental Conditions Maximize Ammonium Accumulation and Minimize Nitrogen Loss During Nitrate Reduction Process by Pseudomonas putida Y-9

“…The heavy application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers leads to an accumulation of highly mobile nitrate in upland soils and significantly increases the risk of nitrogen loss ( Lin et al, 2020 ; Vidal et al, 2020 ). Therefore, it is essential to control NO 3 – concentrations in soil.…”

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and quality of Kengyilia melanthera (Triticeae, Poaceae)

“…The seed quality can be reflected by the standard germination rate (SGR), germination energy (GE), and accelerated aging germination rate (AAGR). The higher the values are for these, the stronger the seed vigor ( Lin et al, 2020 ). It is worth noting that when AAGR is compared to SGR, the aging-accelerated conditions can explain the resistance to adversity that supplies a more reliable reference for seed growth in specific environments such as the QTP ( Li & Mao, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2017 ).…”