Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Pap Smear, LBC and HPV in Screening of Cervical Cancer

Pankaj, Sangeeta; Kumari, Anita; Kumari, Simi; Choudhary, Vijayanand; Kumari, Jaya; Kumari, Anjili; Nazneen, Syed

doi:10.1007/s40944-018-0221-x

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…LCB reports fewer number of unsatisfactory smear and has found to be superior to conventional pap smear. [ 14 ] LBC has also been introduced in our institute.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of unsatisfactory conventional pap smears

Sharma¹,

Ambroise²,

Ramdas³

et al. 2020

J Mid-life Health

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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the clinical predictors of unsatisfactory Pap smears. Methodology: This was a case–control study done in a tertiary care institute. All unsatisfactory conventional pap (CP) smears between January 2015 and June 2017 were retrieved, and the slides were viewed. Clinical details were recorded from request forms and case files. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of unsatisfactory CP smears. Results: In this study, we have included 314 unsatisfactory Pap smears and 541 controls with satisfactory Pap smears. Clinical parameters such as older age and cervical erosion proved to be important predictors of unsatisfactory pap smears. The most common reason for unsatisfactory pap smears was due to a paucity of epithelial elements (66.6%), followed by obscuration of smear details by blood/inflammatory cells/mucus (9.9%) and air drying artifacts (4.4%). There were multiple reasons in 19.1% of cases with unsatisfactory pap smears. Conclusion: Our study shows that older age groups and cervical erosion are predictors of unsatisfactory pap smears. Incidence of unsatisfactory pap smears can be reduced by education and retraining of health-care workers and doctors.

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“…LCB reports fewer number of unsatisfactory smear and has found to be superior to conventional pap smear. [ 14 ] LBC has also been introduced in our institute.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of unsatisfactory conventional pap smears

Sharma¹,

Ambroise²,

Ramdas³

et al. 2020

J Mid-life Health

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show abstract

“…According to that classification, low-risk HPV viruses are types 6 and 11 (genital warts and oral papilloma) [11,12]. High-risk HPV, types 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59 and 68 are classified as probably carcinogenic, and types 26, 30, 34, 53, 66, 67 , 69, 70, 73, 82, 85 and 97 as possibly carcinogenic [12]. With the discovery of the etiological link between the HPV virus and cervical cancer in 1983 [13], new methods were developed for screening cervical cancer, but also other locations where cancers caused by the HPV virus emerge, by designing tests that focused on the identification of the virus/infection, and not on the onset of the disease and the detection of altered cells [14,15,16].…”

Section: значај преаналитичке фазе скрининга цитолошким методама (пап...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Највећи број аутора ипак сматра да нема разлике у сензитивности, али постоји и значајан број аутора који сматрају да је LBC сензитивнија [8,28,29,30]. Међутим, јасно је да је методологија LBC значајно унапредила преаналитичку фазу и омогућила лакшу аналитичку фазу (анализу препарата од стране цитоскринера/цитопатолога) и повећала сензитивност на 76% [31,32,33].…”

Section: The Importance Of the Pre-analytical Phase Of Screening By C...unclassified

“…The majority of authors still believe that there is no difference in sensitivity, but there is also a significant number of authors who believe that LBC is more sensitive [8,28,29,30]. However, it is clear that the LBC methodology significantly improved the pre-analytical phase and enabled an easier analytical phase (analysis of preparations by a cytoscreener/cytopathologist) and increased the sensitivity to 76% [31,32,33].…”

Section: значај едукованости цитоскринера/цитопатолога у конвенционал...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Према тој класификацији HPV вируси ниског ризика су типови 6 и 11 (гениталне брадавице и оралне папиломе) [11,12]. HPV вируси високог ризика, типови 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59 и 68 су класификовани као вероватно канцерогени, а типови 26, 30, 34, 53, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 82, 85 и 97 као могуће канцерогени [12]. Са открићем етиолошке повезаности HPV вируса и карцинома грлића материце 1983. године [13], развијене су нове методе за скрининг карцинома грлића материце, али и других локација где настају карциноми изазвани HPV вирусом, дизајнирањем тестова који су се фокусирали на идентификацију вируса/инфекције, а не на почетак болести и откривање измењених ћелија [14,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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HPV detection and/or cytological diagnostics

Milenković¹

2022

Glas javnog zdr

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The aim of this review article is to demonstrate the role and importance of the pathologist/cytologist in screening and to emphasise the importance of introducing the state-of-the-art molecular biology methods into the screening programme, in addition to providing an overview of the screening methods. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, World Health Organization Director-General, announced a global call for action to eliminate cervical cancer and made it a public health priority in 2018. Cervical screening tests can detect precancerous lesions of the cervix in apparently healthy, asymptomatic women. Many institutions still use the conventional or Pap test, while many others have started using the modern test i.e. liquid-based cytology, which significantly reduces the pre-analytical phase errors. To date, studies comparing the two techniques have not provided consistent evidence that liquid-based cytology offers significant improvements in sensitivity or specificity, so both are considered acceptable. With the discovery of the etiological link between the HPV virus and cervical cancer in 1983, new methods were developed for cervical cancer screening by designing tests aimed at identifying the virus/infection rather than at the onset of the disease and detecting altered cells. The application of the HPV test as the first line of the screening programme is becoming routine. The advantages of applying the molecular technique are that it has a high predictive value, high reproducibility and high throughput. In the Republic of Serbia, the screening programme has been implemented by the National Decree since 2013, as an organised, decentralised programme and has its own difficulties in terms of personnel, financial and organisational deficiencies. The HPV primary screening would enable those difficulties to be overcome to a considerable degree, especially if liquid-based cytology were to be implemented and digital pathology introduced along with HPV screening. All of this, however, has one prerequisite, which is centralisation. Looking at the situation also from the aspect of introducing vaccines against the HPV virus, I believe that we are on the right track to control cervical cancers, and to eradicate them in the not so distant future.

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Bibliography

2022

Applied Biostatistics for the Health Sciences

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Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Pap Smear, LBC and HPV in Screening of Cervical Cancer

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Predictors of unsatisfactory conventional pap smears

Predictors of unsatisfactory conventional pap smears

HPV detection and/or cytological diagnostics

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