Evaluation of Serum Apolipoprotein A1 in Canine Sepsis

Abstract

Decreased serum apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) concentration is associated with mortality in human sepsis. The diagnostic and prognostic role of serum Apo-A1 concentrations in canine sepsis was evaluated. Serum samples from septic dogs (n = 91) and healthy controls (n = 15) were retrospectively analyzed. According to the sepsis origin, four categories were identified: parvoviral enteritis (n = 26), pyometra (n = 20), septic peritonitis (n = 19), and miscellanea (n = 26). The canine acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation fast score (APPLE fast), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin concentrations were reviewed in all enrolled dogs. Increased CRP (252.6 ± 119.2 mg/L; Reference Interval: 0-8.5 mg/L) and significant lower serum albumin and Apo-A1 concentrations were documented in dogs with sepsis (22.8 ± 5.3 g/L and 1.17 ± 0.27 g/L, respectively) compared to healthy ones (33.1 ± 2.5 g/L and 1.32 ± 0.05 g/L, respectively) (P < 0.0001). According to the origin of sepsis, only the subgroup of dogs with septic peritonitis had significantly lower Apo-A1 (1.03 ± 0.26 g/L) concentrations compared to healthy dogs (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in serum albumin and CRP concentrations, and in APPLE fast score values among the different subgroups of sepsis. Diagnosis of septic peritonitis was associated with a higher frequency of death (P = 0.006). In septic dogs, significant lower Apo-A1 concentrations were detected in non-survivors (1.02 ± 0.28 g/L; n = 27) compared to survivors (1.23 ± 0.24 g/L; n = 64; P = 0.0007). Moreover, significant higher values of the APPLE fast score were calculated in non-survivors (26 ± 4; n = 19) compared to survivors (23 ± 4; n = 51) (P = 0.0114). According to the area under the ROC curve analysis, Apo-A1<96 mg/dl had a fair accuracy (AUC = 0.72) to correctly predict mortality (P = 0.0004). Apo-A1 might support a diagnosis of canine septic peritonitis with a potential prognostic significance. Further prospective studies are warranted.

Serial analysis of blood biomarker concentrations in dogs with pneumonia, septic peritonitis, and pyometra

“…We did not assess the prognostic value of biomarkers here because the low overall case fatality rates precluded such analyses. The overall illness severity in our study was lower than in other studies of dogs with sepsis, 33,34,50,75‐77 which likely contributed to the higher survival rates in our study.…”

Serum proteome profiling of naturally acquired Babesia rossi infection in dogs

“…This is contrary to previously reported levels in babesiosis caused by B. canis , however these studies used gel-based proteomics and radioimmunoassay 20 , 47 and hence differences might be present for methodological reasons. In other studies, including canine leishmaniosis 48 and dogs with sepsis 49 , significantly decreased apoA-I were found. Another lipoprotein of interest was apoE which associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), and HDL 50 .…”

Serum proteome profiling of naturally acquired Babesia rossi infection in dogs

“…This is contrary to previously reported levels in babesiosis caused by B. canis, however these studies used gel-based proteomics and radioimmunoassay 20,47 and hence differences might be present for methodological reasons. In other studies, including canine leishmaniosis 48 and dogs with sepsis 49 , signi cantly decreased apoA-I were found. Another lipoprotein of interest was apoE which associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), and HDL 50 .…”