Evaluation of Serum Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Bangladeshi Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Das, Rajesh; Emon, Prova Zaman; Chowdhury, Sayeeda Fahmee; Huque, Sumaiya; Zahan, Tanzan; Islam, Rabiul

doi:10.7759/cureus.6081

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…48 Several studies have been carried out in our lab to assess the possible role of cytokines in the development of MDD. 16,[49][50][51][52][53] However, we found evidence in the literature that suggests IL-1RA might be involved in MDD. We thus designed this study to evaluate the IL-1RA in serum in healthy controls (HCs) to that in MDD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Evaluation of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case‐control study

Nahar

Monisha

Qusar

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the occurrence of one or more depressive episodes lasting a minimum of 2 weeks and is marked by a persistently low mood and a lack of enjoyment in daily activities. The diagnosis of MDD is not possible by a well‐established laboratory test or biomarker. A wide range of potential biomarkers for depression have been proposed by many studies, but none of them has adequately described the correlation between the biomarkers and depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) levels as an early depression risk factor. Methods The present case‐control study included 88 participants. Among them, 44 MDD patients enrolled from the psychiatry department of a public hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 44 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs) from various sites in Dhaka city. A qualified psychiatrist evaluated the cases and HCs based on the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM‐5). The Hamilton depression (Ham‐D) rating scale was employed to evaluate the intensity of depression. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit (Boster Bio, USA) was used to determine serum IL‐1RA concentrations. Results We observed no marked alteration in the serum concentration of IL‐1RA in MDD patients in comparison to HCs (292.81 ± 24.81 and 288 ± 24.87 pg/mL; p > 0.05). Among MDD patients, we found no noteworthy association between the severity of depression and serum IL‐1RA levels. Conclusion The findings of the present study imply that IL‐1RA may not be identified as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of depression. However, its neuroprotective role may be taken into consideration for the understanding of pathophysiology of MDD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Evaluation of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case‐control study

Nahar

Monisha

Qusar

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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“…Several studies indicate a connection between proinflammatory cytokines and MDD. 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 IL‐12 is a proinflammatory cytokine that seems to be involved with MDD. 34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher serum interleukin‐12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case‐control study results

Nahar

Sal-Sabil

Sohan

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the fourth biggest health‐related concern that dramatically impacts individuals' mental and physical health. Alteration of serum proinflammatory cytokine levels may take part in the development and progression of MDD. We aimed to explore and compare the role of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and its involvement with the disease severity. Methods The present study included 85 patients and 87 age‐sex matched HCs. A qualified psychiatrist utilized the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) criteria to diagnose patients and evaluate HCs. We applied the Ham‐D rating scale to measure the severity of depression. Serum IL‐12 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Results We observed a notable increase in the serum levels of IL‐12 in MDD patients compared to HCs (164.27 ± 10.18 pg/ml and 82.55 ± 4.40 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noticed a positive correlation between serum IL‐12 levels and Ham‐D scores in MDD patients ( r = 0.363; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a good predictive performance (AUC = 0.871; p < 0.001) at the cut‐off point of 53.46 pg/ml for serum IL‐12. Conclusion The current study findings support that IL‐12 levels are involved with the pathogenesis and inflammatory process in MDD. At the same time, this involvement may make this cytokine eligible for the risk evaluation of MDD. However, we recommend further interventional studies to explore more accurate associations between IL‐12 and depressive disorder.

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that biological indicators in peripheral blood samples, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 38 glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, 39 IL-7, 40 IL-6 and CRP levels, 41 malondialdehyde, 42 cortisol, 42 macro-minerals, and trace elements 43 have been analyzed to identify the biomarkers of depression. The present study further evaluated the possibility of using biological indicators in peripheral blood samples as diagnostic biomarkers to discriminate elderly patients with TRD from those without TRD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Cortisol, Nesfatin-1, and IL-1β: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Elderly Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression

Wu¹,

Dai²,

Yan³

et al. 2022

CIA

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Aim Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately 30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), especially elderly patients. As individuals with TRD are at an increased risk of committing suicide and pose a higher risk of relapse, early diagnostic biomarkers of TRD and a better understanding of the resistance mechanism are highly needed. This study aimed to determine whether serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of elderly patients with TRD. Methods Thirty elderly patients with TRD were selected as the TRD group. Thirty elderly patients with MDD who were effectively treated with conventional antidepressants were selected as the non-TRD group. The baseline levels of serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured and compared, and their diagnostic values were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method for discriminating patients with TRD from those without TRD. Results Serum cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in the non-TRD and TRD groups than in the control group. Moreover, serum cortisol, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the TRD group were significantly lower than those in the non-TRD group. Furthermore, serum nesfatin-1 levels in the non-TRD group were significantly lower than those in the control and TRD groups, while the serum IL-1β levels in the non-TRD group were significantly higher than those in the control and TRD groups. Additionally, an ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 for the combination of nesfatin-1 and IL-1β and an AUC of 0.956 for the combination of cortisol, nesfatin-1, and IL-1β in discriminating elderly patients with TRD from those without non-TRD. Conclusion Serum cortisol, nesfatin-1, and IL-1β may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for discriminating elderly patients with TRD from those without TRD.

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Evaluation of Serum Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Bangladeshi Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Evaluation of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case‐control study

Evaluation of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in major depressive disorder: A case‐control study

Higher serum interleukin‐12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case‐control study results

Serum Cortisol, Nesfatin-1, and IL-1β: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Elderly Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression

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