Evaluation of Serum Prolactin Level in Patients of Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroidism

Goel, Parul; Kahkasha,; Narang, Shveta; Gupta, Bharat; Goel, Kapil

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/9982.5443

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, when hyperprolactinemia was evaluated among the SCH groups with higher TSH (> 7.5), the percentage of hyperprolactinemia was raised to 49% [11]. Other studies reported lower rates of hyperprolactinemia (19% and 8%, respectively) [10,21]. We found a comparable result of hyperprolactinemia between SCH and euthyroid subjects, which is inconsistent with other studies in which a higher rate of hyperprolactinemia was reported in SCH patients compared to euthyroid subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of subclinical hypothyroidism for a clinical score and thyroid peroxidase antibody: a comparison with euthyroidism grouped by different thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

Abdulateef

Mahwi

2019

Asian Biomedicine

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Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) might have many symptoms of hypothyroidism. The controversy appears to lower the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and group subjects with TSH of more than 3 or even 2.5 mIU/L as SCH subjects. Objectives: To assess SCH subjects both clinically using Zulewski clinical score and biochemically and to evaluate whether the euthyroid subjects with high-normal TSH (HNT) have any clinical symptom or subnormal biochemical finding. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 233 subjects, 67 with SCH and 166 euthyroidism, was conducted. Euthyroid subjects were divided according to the level of TSH as HNT (>2.5 mIU/L) and low-normal TSH (0.5-2.5 mIU/L). The subjects were examined for clinical feature including Zulewski clinical score and biochemical evaluations including thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) titer. The comparisons between groups were assessed using independent sample t test, and correlations between variables were evaluated using Pearson correlation. Results: A significantly higher clinical score and higher frequencies of symptoms were found in the SCH group compared to the euthyroid group. The most frequent symptom was fatigue. Euthyroid subjects with HNT were found to have higher TPO-Ab titers than those with low-normal TSH, P < 0.05. The Zulewski clinical score was positively correlated with TSH and TPO-Ab titer but negatively correlated with the FT4 level, P < 0.05. Conclusions: Zulewski clinical score is higher in SCH subjects compared to euthyroid subjects and can aid in assessing SCH subjects. A significant correlation exists between Zulewski clinical score and each of the TSH, FT4, and TPO-Ab titer levels. The frequency of TPO-Ab positivity is high in SCH. Additionally, euthyroid with higher TSH levels has higher level of TPO-Ab titer but not higher clinical score.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Zulewski et al found an obvious correlation between the score and FT4 and TSH in SCH subjects [9]. However, a study by Goel et al showed no significant difference in clinical presentation between the SCH group and the euthyroid group [21]. In this study, fatigue, muscle cramp, and cold intolerance were the most frequent symptoms in SCH.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Assessment of subclinical hypothyroidism for a clinical score and thyroid peroxidase antibody: a comparison with euthyroidism grouped by different thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

Abdulateef

Mahwi

2019

Asian Biomedicine

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“…When rates were examined for combined periods by age and sex groups (Fig. 1), the highest incidence rates of hyperprolactinaemia were found in women aged [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] person-years), and after this peak, the incidence rates declined with age. In men, no peak was found, and the incidence rates ranged from 6 to 8Á8 per 100000 person-years in those people older than 15 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothyroidism as a cause of hyperprolactinaemia may be an overestimate as our threshold of serum TSH at 6 mU/l (0Á28 ng/ml) is quite low, although other studies have shown a similar or higher prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in series of patients with overt or subclinical hypothyroidism (8-36%). 34,35 However, our study is genuinely population-based and will have identified all cases of raised prolactin concentrations that were measured in Tayside.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of hyperprolactinaemia over 20 years in the Tayside region of Scotland: the Prolactin Epidemiology, Audit and Research Study (PROLEARS)

et al. 2016

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This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: 'The epidemiology of hyperprolactinaemia over 20 years in the Tayside region of Scotland', Soto-Pedre, Leese, et al., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/en.13156. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Hyperprolactinaemia is a common problem in endocrine practice, but its epidemiology has not been accurately established. Study design:A population-based retrospective follow up study in Tayside, Scotland (population 400,000) from 1993 to 2013.Patients: Record-linkage technology (biochemistry, prescribing, hospital admissions, radiology, mortality and maternity data) was used to identify all patients with a serum Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.prolactin measurement. From these, cases were defined as those with a prolactin greater than 1000mU/L (47.2ng/ml) or at least three prescriptions for a dopamine agonist. Measurements:Number of prevalent and incident cases of hyperprolactinaemia per calendar year by age, sex and cause of hyperprolactinaemia.Results: A total of 32,289 patients had a serum prolactin assay undertaken, of which 1,301 had hyperprolactinaemia not related to pregnancy: 25.6% patients were pituitary-disorder 45.9% drug-induced, 7.5% related to macroprolactin, and 6.1% related to hypothyroidism, leaving 15.0% idiopathic. Over the 20 years there was a fourfold increase in the number of prolactin assays performed and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia was initially 0.02%, but rose to 0.23% by 2013. Overall incidence was 13.8 cases per 100,000 person-years (20.6 in 2008-13) and was 3.5 times higher in women than in men. The highest rates were found in women aged 25-44 years. Drug-induced causes tripled during the 20 years. Conclusions:Rising prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia is probably due to increased ascertainment and increased incidence of psychoactive drug-related causes. Rates are higher in women than in men but only before the age of 65 years.

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“…Al final estas muestras son analizadas mediante pruebas de inmunofluoresencia como lo son el fluoruro inmunoensayo inmunométrico 39 o ELISA. El examen para el estudio del tamizaje puede realizarse por la combinación de varias concentraciones hormonales, por ejemplo: la combinación de T4 primaria y TSH, o de T4 primaria y TSH secundaria (la segunda muestra de TSH), seguido por la determinación de unión de proteínas de T4.…”

Section: Tamizajeunclassified

Hipotiroidismo congénito, la primera causa de retraso mental prevenible: un desafío para la medicina preventiva

Rincón

Rueda

et al. 2016

revmed

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Artículo recibido el 4 de julio de 2015 y aceptado para publicación el 12 de enero de 2016. RESUMENEl hipotiroidismo congénito es la enfermedad endocrina más frecuente en neonatos y puede ser de manifiesto clínico o subclínico. Es la principal causa de retraso mental tratable y su pronóstico radica en el tamizaje temprano y la instauración oportuna del tratamiento, por lo cual en Colombia se considera necesaria la implementación de un esquema de tamizaje neonatal con una técnica apropiada y de cobertura nacional, equiparable al de otros países. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión y análisis de la literatura médica existente sobre el hipotiroidismo congénito centrado en la definición, epidemiología, factores etiológicos, tamizaje, diagnóstico y tratamiento; mediante la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos PUBMED, EMBASE, REDALYC, OVID, MEDLINE, DYNAMED y CLINICAL KEY (acceso: mayo 2015). Además se realizó revisión de los informes del Instituto Nacional de Salud en el año 2013 y 2014, de las guías europeas de la sociedad de endocrinología pediátrica 2014, de la guía mexicana de hipotiroidismo congénito neonatal 2008 y del consenso colombiano para el diagnóstico y manejo de enfermedades tiroideas.

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Evaluation of Serum Prolactin Level in Patients of Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroidism

Abstract: The incidence of hyperprolactinemia in hypothyroidism was found to be higher when compared with normal controls. Serum prolactin assessment should be performed on all patients with hypothyroidism (overt and subclinical) before performing further tests.

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of subclinical hypothyroidism for a clinical score and thyroid peroxidase antibody: a comparison with euthyroidism grouped by different thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

Assessment of subclinical hypothyroidism for a clinical score and thyroid peroxidase antibody: a comparison with euthyroidism grouped by different thyroid-stimulating hormone levels

The epidemiology of hyperprolactinaemia over 20 years in the Tayside region of Scotland: the Prolactin Epidemiology, Audit and Research Study (PROLEARS)

Hipotiroidismo congénito, la primera causa de retraso mental prevenible: un desafío para la medicina preventiva

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