Evaluation of several microcrystalline celluloses obtained from agricultural by-products

Rojas, John; Lopez, A. Ciro; Guisao, Santiago; Ortiz, Carlos

doi:10.4103/2231-4040.85527

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It has been proposed that to obtain significant hydrolysis at low acid concentrations, greater temperature and, therefore, energy, is needed (Horst et al 2010). As stated by Beck-Candanedo et al (2005) and Rojas et al (2011), acid concentration and reaction time are two important parameters in the acid hydrolysis process. The importance of time in the acid hydrolysis process is derived from the individual rate of hydrolytic attack at its three different stages, where the initial stage is a rapid hydrolytic attack of acid on the more accessible amorphous segments and the latter stage is a much slower hydrolytic attack to the amorphous parts and/or at crystal surfaces (Fosten et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of hydrolysis duration on the properties of various fibers has been investigated (El-Sakhawy and Hassan 2007;Das et al 2010;Adel et al 2011;Foston et al 2011;Rojas et al 2011;Vanhatalo and Dahl 2014). Kenaf has gained researchers' attention as a non-wood cellulosic source to produce MCC (Keshk and Haija 2011;Safinas et al 2013;Wang et al 2013) and NCC (Kargarzadeh et al 2012;Zaini et al 2013), because of its high cellulose content (approximately 55%), and mechanical characteristics (Abdul Khalil et al 2010;Khalil and Suraya 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Kenaf Bast

Aprilia¹,

Davoudpour²,

Zulqarnain³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was successfully prepared from bleached kenaf bast fiber through hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The influence of hydrolysis time (1 to 3 h) on the MCC physicochemical properties was examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized to characterize the isolated MCC. According to FTIR analysis, the chemical composition of MCC was not changed with the reaction time. The reaction times, however, did affect the thermal stability of MCC. The thermal stability decreased linearly with increasing hydrolysis time. The optimum hydrolysis time was determined based on the morphological, structural, and thermal properties of the kenaf bast MCC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Kenaf Bast

Aprilia¹,

Davoudpour²,

Zulqarnain³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…Also, the sharp peaks at 14, 16, and 228 indicate cotton crystals 50 and the sharp peaks at 20 and 238 relate to the nylon crystals. 51,52 Generally, the XRD pattern of cationized fabric shows no changes in the main crystalline structure compared with the raw fabric; however, the intensity of peaks are lower.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationization of cellulose/polyamide on UV protection, bio‐activity, and electro‐conductivity of graphene oxide‐treated fabric

Hasani

Montazer

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, cationized cotton/nylon fabric was treated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to produce highly conductive fabric. The fabric was cationized with 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to attract more anionic GO. The fabric was then treated with GO followed by reduction with sodium dithionite. The results of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated entire coverage of the fabric surface with rGO. The color of fabrics changed to gray‐black and the electrical resistance decreased to 0.6 × 103 Ω sq−1. The washing fastness was measured according to ISO 105‐CO5 for color change and also electrical resistance of the samples demonstrated well stability of rGO on the fabric surface. The antibacterial activities of the treated fabrics improved against Gram‐negative bacteria including Escherichia coli (84.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (96.4%) and also Gram‐positive bacteria consisting Staphylococcus aureus (100%) and Enterococcus faecalis (98.4%). Further, the treated fabrics indicated an excellent UV reflectance of 100%. Finally heating of the cationized rGO fabric at 220 °C displayed a lower electrical resistance of 0.5 × 103 Ω sq−1. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that heating has a slight effect on the dimensional thermal stability of the treated fabric as shrunk 2.43%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45493.

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“…where N A denotes the Avogadro constant, the mass density ρ of cellulose is ρ = 1.5 g/cm 3 and the scattering length difference ∆ of cellulose in NaOH is calculated to be ∆ = 3.4 × 10 10 cm −2 . Furthermore, the M w used in the model simulations was calculated from an average DP value for Avicel PH101 estimated to be 218.2 ± 6.9 [22], which corresponds to an approximate average M w 35.3 kg/mol, assuming 162 g per anhydrous glucose unit. The model fit depicted in Figure 3 corresponds to the scattering from cylinders with a radius of 4.1 Å, a contour length of 600 Å and a persistence length of 100 Å, indicating fibers with rather large, stiff segments.…”

Section: Revisiting Cellulose In 2 M Naoh(aq) At 25°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Dissolution of Cellulose in NaOH as “Seen” by X-rays

et al. 2020

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Cotton production is reaching a global limit, leading to a growing demand for bio-based textile fibers produced by other means. Textile fibers based on regenerated cellulose from wood holds great potential, but in order to produce fibers, the components need to be dissolved in suitable solvents. Furthermore, the dissolution process of cellulose is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the dissolution state of microcrystalline cellulose in aqueous NaOH by using primarily scattering methods. Contrary to previous findings, this study indicated that cellulose concentrations of up to 2 wt % are completely molecularly dissolved in 8 wt % NaOH. Scattering data furthermore revealed the presence of semi-flexible cylinders with stiff segments. In order to improve the dissolution capability of NaOH, the effects of different additives have been of interest. In this study, scattering data indicated that the addition of ZnO decreased the formation of aggregates, while the addition of PEG did not improve the dissolution properties significantly, although preliminary NMR data did suggest a weak attraction between PEG and cellulose. Overall, this study sheds further light on the dissolution of cellulose in NaOH and highlights the use of scattering methods to assess solvent quality.

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Evaluation of several microcrystalline celluloses obtained from agricultural by-products

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Physicochemical Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Kenaf Bast

Physicochemical Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Extracted from Kenaf Bast

Cationization of cellulose/polyamide on UV protection, bio‐activity, and electro‐conductivity of graphene oxide‐treated fabric

Revisiting the Dissolution of Cellulose in NaOH as “Seen” by X-rays

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