Evaluation of site diversity rain attenuation mitigation technique in South-East Asia

Semire, Folasade Abiola; Mohd‐Mokhtar, Rosmiwati; Ismail, Widad; Mohamad, Norizah; Mandeep, J. S.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.11.034

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…With that, they proposed a model that were based on 2025 paths database of grid divided locations in Singapore excluding the frequency contribution and the baseline angle, namely X.Yeo model. Semire et al [21] agreed with Yeo, Lee & Ong regarding the independency of gain on frequency and baseline orientation angle. However, in year 2015, he proposed a new diversity gain model that similar with Hodge Model (with frequency and baseline angle gain contribution) structure.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, in year 2015, he proposed a new diversity gain model that similar with Hodge Model (with frequency and baseline angle gain contribution) structure. The model was improving Hodge's that was claimed to suit only site separation distance of less than 10km and lower elevation angle [21,22]. Semire model was induced from measurement attributes from five locations of tropical region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rain Attenuation at Tropical Region- Site Diversity Gain Models' Sensitivity

Samat

Singh

2019

IJEEI

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Site diversity is one of the effective techniques to avoid rain attenuation especially in tropical region. Therefore, the performance of site diversity scheme is measured using site diversity gain. However, due to lack of measurement data availability, an empirical model to calculate the gain was initiated by Hodge. From this initiative, the model was improvised to suit various data, locally. In this paper, the factor that impacted the total gain that are the frequency, baseline angle, separation distance and elevation angle are discussed. Even though several models were proposed to extend the capability of Hodge's model, there are still uncertainty in their performance. Therefore, in this paper, model of Hodge, Panagopolous, ITU-R, Semire and X. Yeo were investigated to observe their reactivity towards the four factors. Each model was set default at 20.2GHz, 68.8° of elevation angle, 65° of baseline angle and 42.52km of site separation distance. However, the configuration is not fixed, since each contributor's value is altered to form 16 combinative test lists. Each models percentage of change were recorded and the value of predicted gain by each model was presented. The models sensitiveness towards the contributors were also presented in a table to ease for future references.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Attenuation at Tropical Region- Site Diversity Gain Models' Sensitivity

Samat

Singh

2019

IJEEI

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“…Rafiqul et al [43] Selangor, Malaysia ▪ No increment of beyond the rain cell extent of 30 km. Semire et al [41] Penang, Malaysia ▪ Frequency and baseline angle have little influence on the value of . Semire et al [42] Penang, Malaysia ▪ Developed a prediction model based on the rain attenuation data acquired from four Southeast Asian countries.…”

Section: Author Site/countrymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In Malaysia, Semire et al [41] investigated an SDS using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Precipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) data with reference sites in four Southeast Asian countries, namely, the University of Science (USM), Malaysia, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia (ITB), University of the South Pacific (UPS), Fiji and University of Ateneo de Manila (UAdM), Philippines. For each reference site, there were five diverse sites at various locations and separated by 2.35 km to 51.09 km from their reference site.…”

Section: Sdg Investigations and Prediction Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

et al. 2021

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my).⁞ABSTRACT The satellite signal deteriorates as it propagates from the source to the ground antenna on the surface of the earth. While some losses involving the amplitude and energy of the signal are unavoidably recovered due to the long slant path through the atmosphere, the impairment due to precipitation, especially rain, can be mitigated. Site diversity is one of the ways to obtain a less rain-attenuated signal, simply by preparing the other site to receive a link similar to that of the main site. Dual site diversity is common in practice with a site separation distance of at least a rain cell extent. This article presents an overview of the site diversity concept and a description of all parameters involved regarding the factor that contributed to the gain, which has been used as a performance metric to measure the effectiveness of a site diversity scheme. A detailed assessment of the capability of the gain prediction model is presented using site diversity experimental data conducted in two different climatic groups, namely, Greece in a temperate region and India in a tropical climatic region. The models involved in the evaluation were the ITU-R, Hodge, and Panagopoulos models, which were validated using temperate regional data, and the Semire and Yeo models, which were validated using tropical regional data. The observations of model behavior revealed that the Semire and Yeo models of the tropics were consistent with the measured gain obtained from India and Greece, respectively; thus, this demonstrated that the direction of future prediction models should consider both climates in the validation process.⁞INDEX TERMS Signal degradation, model evaluation, tropical region, rain-induced attenuation, atmospheric effect.

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“…Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) data were used at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), and the virtual diverse site was chosen to be 12 km away from USM within the radar coverage, namely, in the Lubok Buntar (LB) district. The dataset from the TRMM-PR contained data from 2002 to 2003 [30]. The interpolated annual rainfall accumulation values from the TRMM were converted to rain rates and consequently to rain attenuation intensities using the ITU-R P.837-6 and ITU-R P.618-10 prediction models.…”

Section: A Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Site Diversity Gain Dependency on Separation Distance Using an Attenuation-Dependent Logarithmic Model in a Tropical Region

et al. 2021

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⁞ABSTRACT Ensuring site diversity is a fade mitigation technique used to overcome severe rain-induced attenuation encountered in high-frequency signal communications, especially over tropical regions. However, due to the high cost of deploying diverse equipment and terrestrial infrastructures for connections between two sites, gain prediction models are widely used to evaluate the performance of a given scheme. This article presents a study on the behavior of four parameters that contribute to site diversity gain: site separation distance, link frequency, elevation angle, and baseline orientation angle. A correlation between gain and distance is found in the form of an attenuation-dependent logarithmic function instead of the gain being saturated when the increment of the distance exceeds the convective rain cell extent, as was found in the literature. Therefore, a site diversity logarithmic model, SDLog, is proposed. The analysis utilized seven site diversity experiments conducted in the tropics, i.e., in Malaysia, Singapore, and Guam, USA. The performance of the SDLog model was compared with the performances of existing models, namely, the ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire, and X. Yeo models. The SDLog model reproduces the experimental datasets with an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.12, while those of the ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire, and X. Yeo models are 0.226, 0.289, 0.19, 0.192, and 0.311, respectively. These models were also evaluated based on diversity experiments conducted in Indonesia, separate from the former evaluation. The RMSE and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of all evaluations are presented, and the SDLog model seems to be convincing.

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Evaluation of site diversity rain attenuation mitigation technique in South-East Asia

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Rain Attenuation at Tropical Region- Site Diversity Gain Models' Sensitivity

Rain Attenuation at Tropical Region- Site Diversity Gain Models' Sensitivity

A Comprehensive Review of the Site Diversity Technique in Tropical Region: Evaluation of Prediction Models Using Site Diversity Gain of Greece and India

Observation of Site Diversity Gain Dependency on Separation Distance Using an Attenuation-Dependent Logarithmic Model in a Tropical Region

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