Evaluation of Skin Irritation and Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of<i> Lavandula angustifolia</i> Essential Oils in Rabbit and Mice

Mekonnen, Awol; Tesfaye, Solomon; Christos, Selam G.; Dires, Kassahun; Zenebe, Tizazu; Zegeye, Nigus; Shiferaw, Yoseph; Lulekal, Ermias

doi:10.1155/2019/5979546

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The ratio of organs to BW was important for explaining differences between the treatment groups and controls, because normalization of organ weight and BW removes any variation because of different BW in individual rats. This approach is supported by many recent works, which reported relative organ weights when evaluating toxicity from lavender essential oil (Mekonnen et al, 2019), lipophilized phenolic compound (Martínez et al, 2018), and herbal plants (Porwal et al, 2017). Figure 1 depicts the relative organ weights for male and female rats.…”

Section: Acute and Subacute Toxicity Of Wpc Hydrolysatementioning

confidence: 53%

Toxicity study and blood pressure–lowering efficacy of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate in rat models, plus peptide characterization

Hussein

Chay

Ghanisma

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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We evaluated the acute (single-dose) and subacute (repeated-dose) oral toxicity of alcalase-hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate. Our acute study revealed no death or treatment-related complications, and the median lethal dose of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate was >2,500 mg/kg. In the subacute study, when the hydrolysate was fed at 3 different concentrations (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg), no groups showed toxicity changes compared with controls. Then, whey protein concentrate hydrolysate was orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats. Results revealed significant reductions in blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, and dosing at 400 mg/kg led to significant blood pressure reduction (−47.8 mm Hg) compared with controls (blood pressure maintained) and the findings of previous work (−21 mm Hg). Eight peptides-RHPEYAVSVLLR, GGAPPAGRL, GPPLPRL, ELKPTPEGDL, VLSELPEP, DAQSAPLRVY, RD-MPIQAF, and LEQVLPRD-were sequentially identified and characterized. Of the peptides, VLSELPEP and LEQVLPRD showed the most prominent in vitro angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibition with halfmaximal inhibitory concentrations of 0.049 and 0.043 mM, respectively. These findings establish strong evidence for the in vitro and in vivo potential of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate to act as a safe, natural functional food ingredient that exerts antihypertensive activity.

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Section: Acute and Subacute Toxicity Of Wpc Hydrolysatementioning

confidence: 53%

Toxicity study and blood pressure–lowering efficacy of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate in rat models, plus peptide characterization

Hussein

Chay

Ghanisma

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Paco Noriega Salesian Polytechnic University, Quito, Ecuador *Address all correspondence to: pnoriega@ups.edu.ec the oil yield is low. Many commonly used essential oil components are potentially dermal irritating with restrictions on application concentrations [76,77]. There are also some terpenes whose toxicity is much more dangerous, such as pulegone which causes liver damage and seizures [78], and thujone that can cause dementia by being neurotoxic [79].…”

Section: Author Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenes in Essential Oils: Bioactivity and Applications

Noriega¹

2021

Biochemistry

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Secondary metabolites from plant organisms have always been excellent options for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Essential oils are a type of metabolites found in vegetables, and their chemical composition is diverse; however, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are inside the most abundant molecules. These terpenes have a diverse chemical composition that range from a simple molecule with carbon and hydrogen to more complex molecules with oxygenated organic groups, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and ethers. Many of these molecules with 10 and 15 carbon atoms have an especially important biological activity, being important the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticide, analgesic, anticancer, cytotoxic, among others. Some of these substances are potentially toxic, and hence, they should be handled with caution, especially when they are pure. They are easily obtained by different methods, and their industrial value grows every year, with a market of several million dollars. This chapter seeks to provide a better understanding of this type of bioactive molecules, with an emphasis in those whose information is remarkable in the scientific literature and whose value for health and human well-being makes them extremely important.

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“…Gamma-terpinene, 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,4-diene, is a monoterpene structurally similar to 1.8-cineol, being both found in the essential oils of Cannabis sativa and several other plants including the Eucalyptus genus (Myrtaceae), Cupressus cashmeriana, Lippia microphylla, Lavandula angustifolia, and Citrus myrtifolia [136][137][138][139][140][141]. Gamma-terpinene is very well described in the literature as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anticancer agent [136,137,[142][143][144].…”

Section: Terpinenementioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant

et al. 2020

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Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)—as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.

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Evaluation of Skin Irritation and Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils in Rabbit and Mice

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Toxicity study and blood pressure–lowering efficacy of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate in rat models, plus peptide characterization

Toxicity study and blood pressure–lowering efficacy of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate in rat models, plus peptide characterization

Terpenes in Essential Oils: Bioactivity and Applications

Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant

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