Evaluation of Skin Irritation and Sensitization of Two Diol Solutions used as Experimental Dentin Primers in Humans and Guinea Pigs

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1, 6-hexanediol (HD) solutions as experimental dentin primers when subjected to the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT), primary irritation test, cumulative skin irritation test and human patch test. No primary and cumulative skin irritation resulting from the use of 62.5% EG or 45% HD solutions was observed. In the case of GPMT, the animals sensitized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) responded to 100% HD. 62.5% EG and 45% HD as dentin primers were safer than 2-HEMA such as a methacrylic primer.

Adverse effect of dentine bonding agent on the oral mucosa of guinea pigs

“…It is widely known that repeated handling of 2-HEMA causes contact dermatitis on the fingertips of dental clinicians as a result of a delayed allergic reaction (Kanerva et al, 1994;Katsuno et al, 1995Katsuno et al, , 1996Katsuno et al, , 1998Kurihara et al, 1996). Yamada et al (1989) and Horiguchi et al (1995) reported that various bonding agents produce a white substance on the oral mucosa.…”

Safety Assessment of Alkane Diols as Used in Cosmetics

“…Information from case reports for the alkane diols included allergic contact dermatitis as a result of dermal exposure to 1,5-Pentanediol (.5 to 10%) in various creams, 104,105 a recommendation by study researchers for dental professionals exposed to Hexanediol in dentin primers to take precautions because of the potential to cause contact dermatitis following repeated occupational exposure, 97 and adverse effects reported in adults (including death) and poisoning in children from oral exposure to 1,4-Butanediol (varying doses). 13,22,[106][107][108]…”

“…Skin irritation testing of Propanediol, 1,4-Butanediol, 2,3-Butanediol, 1,5-Pentanediol, Hexanediol, 1,10-Decanediol, Methylpropanediol, Butyl Ethyl Propanediol, and Isopentyldiol was conducted. Results indicated the following observations: Propanediol (undiluted) was mildly irritating to rabbit skin in 24-hour occlusive patch tests 12 ; 1,4-Butanediol (undiluted) caused only minimal redness after application to rabbit ears and no irritation was observed in a 24-hour occlusive patch test on intact and abraded rabbit skin; 82 2,3-Butanediol (undiluted) was non-irritating to rabbit skin in a 24-hour occlusive patch test; 16 1,5-Pentanediol (undiluted) was non-irritating to rabbit skin in both a 24-hour non-occlusive skin test 79 and a 20-hour occlusive patch test on intact and scarified skin; 14 Hexanediol (45 to 80%) was non-irritating to animal skin in both non-occlusive and occlusive tests performed with approximately 24-hour dermal exposure; 15,79,80,97 1,10-Decanediol (1.2% in a trade name mixture also containing an unspecified amount of Propylene Glycol) was non-irritating to rabbit skin in a 24 h occlusive patch test; 84 Methylpropanediol (undiluted) was non-irritating to animal skin; 20 Butyl Ethyl Propanediol (undiluted) was non-to-minimally irritating to rabbit skin in 4-hour semi-occlusive patch tests; 2,17 Isopentyldiol (undiluted) was non-to-slightly irritating to rabbit skin in 24-hour occlusive and semi-occlusive patch tests.…”

“…However no Hexanediol induction (.2%)/Hexanediol challenge (no concentration specified) tests showed a positive sensitization reaction. 97 1,10-Decanediol (1.2% in a trade name mixture containing an unspecified amount of Propylene Glycol or Butylene Glycol) was non-sensitizing in a Buehler test (1.2% 1,10-Decanediol in trade name mixture used at induction and .3% 1,10-Decanediol in trade name mixture used at challenge). 84 Methylpropanediol showed mild sensitization potential (10% intradermal to 100% epidermal concentrations applied at induction, up to 100% at challenge).…”

Guinea Pig Maximization Test of Tri-ethylene Glycol Mono-methacrylate

“…In the same vein, Pegum and Medhurst reported that an acrylic monomer could permeate latex gloves 5) , while Katsuno et al warned that dental healthcare workers should use primers with care [6][7][8][9][10] . In 1989, Chigira et al reported that glyceryl mono-methacrylate (GM) exhibited a better priming effect than 2-HEMA 11) .…”