Evaluation of soil-water ratio effectiveness in soil-bath wet separation process for kernel recovery

Nwadinobi, C. P.

doi:10.4314/njt.v38i1.13

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…In Indonesia, ant soil, commonly known as "Ikwube," is frequently employed for the separation of palm kernels and PKS. Ant soil has exhibited a separation efficiency similar to that of clay soil [6]. The separation efficiency of ant soil has been determined to be 98.93% at a medium-to-water ratio of 0.30:1 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

Jannah,

Machdar,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The effectiveness of the palm kernel separation process is of paramount significance, as it directly influences the quantity of palm kernels obtained. This efficiency forms the core of the decision-making process when considering how to best use palm kernel shells, which are a byproduct of the palm oil industry. These versatile shells have various applications, including their role as a fuel source, their use in producing activated carbon, and their utility as an alternative material in lightweight concrete. The primary aim of this investigation is to examine and enhance the efficiency of this innovative segregation technique, with a specific focus on identifying the optimal conditions for achieving effective segregation, particularly the ideal concentration of salt (NaCl) in a batch process. The research methodology comprises a wellstructured series of steps designed to systematically evaluate the segregation process. In the initial stages, samples of palm kernel and shell were collected from a local palm oil industry and meticulously prepared for experimentation. Subsequently, salt solutions with varying saturation percentage of salt solution beetwen 12 g/L and 380 g/L were prepared. As the samples were immersed in the solution, the denser palm kernel shells settled at the base, whereas the lighter palm kernels rised to the top, simplifying the separation of these two elements. The highest level of segregation efficiency was achieved at the 380 g/L of Consentration of salt solution. This suggested method offers advantages, including the capability to achieve a 100% separation of palm kernel and palm kernel shell.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

Jannah,

Machdar,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Reutilization of Real Waste Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) from the Palm Oil Industry (POI) for Palm Kernel and Shell Separation Through Clay Bath Systems

Syarifuddin,

Husin,

Mahidin

et al. 2024

Recycling

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The palm oil industry (POI) generates significant amounts of waste, including calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from the clay bath system used for the separation of palm kernels from shells. This CaCO3 waste is often discarded, leading to environmental issues. However, the CaCO3 can potentially be reused in the clay bath separation process to improve efficiency and reduce waste. To obtain PKO, the kernel is separated from the palm shell using a clay bath unit, where natural CaCO3 acts as a decanting agent and adsorbent. This wet separation method, involving a mixture of water and CaCO3 with a density of 1.12 g/mL, generates substantial amounts of saturated CaCO3 waste that is often discarded into the environment. Therefore, this research aimed to regenerate oil-bound CaCO3 waste for reuse as a decanter and adsorbent. Three treatments were tested, with CaCO3 waste-to-water ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:6, under varying pH levels (8, 10, 11, 12) and temperatures (28 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C). The regeneration process was conducted in an open reactor at 450 rpm with a volume of 0.0054 m3, followed by drying and grinding the waste for analysis. The results showed approximately 75.75% oil removal and CaCO3 regeneration rates between 94.50% and 99.26%, with an increase in density from 1.687 g/mL to 2.467 g/mL. The efficiency of reusing regenerated CaCO3 waste is 96.87%. When mixed with 25% natural CaCO3, the efficiency increases to 99.24%. Additionally, a mixture of 50% regenerated CaCO3 waste and 50% natural CaCO3 achieves an average efficiency of 99.46% over five consecutive feed additions. This showed that the reuse of CaCO3 waste regeneration results for the separation of palm shells and kernels has a high potential for application. These findings suggest that regenerated CaCO3 waste can be effectively reused, offering a sustainable solution for palm oil mills.

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Evaluation of soil-water ratio effectiveness in soil-bath wet separation process for kernel recovery

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

Reutilization of Real Waste Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) from the Palm Oil Industry (POI) for Palm Kernel and Shell Separation Through Clay Bath Systems

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