Evaluation of somatic embryo production during embryogenic tissue proliferation stage using morphology, maternal genotype, proliferation rate and tissue age of Pinus thunbergii Parl

Sun, Tung‐Tien; Wang, Yanli; Zhu, Li; Liu, Xiaowei; Wang, Qingtong; Ye, Jian‐Ren

doi:10.1007/s11676-021-01311-1

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This phenomenon is similar to the results of the present study, in which a significant negative correlation was observed between SE yield and starch of P. koraiensis. Similar results were also found in P. nigra research, which revealed that with the long-term subculture of embryonic tissue, the potential for somatic embryogenesis gradually decreased while the starch content gradually increased [30]. This suggests that high levels of starch content may negatively impact the process of somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In addition, we found that the soluble protein content in R cell lines was significantly higher than that in B cell lines. Many studies have pointed out that the protein content in embryonic tissue is positively correlated with SE yield [ 20 , 29 , 30 ]. Similarly, in the studies of Coffea arabica [ 31 ] and Cordyline australis [ 32 ], the protein content of the embryonic tissue was higher than that of the nonembryonic tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and Physiological Indicators for Screening Cell Lines with High Potential for Somatic Embryo Maturation at an Early Stage of Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Koraiensis

Peng

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Plants

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Many cell lines in the embryogenic callus cannot produce somatic embryos (SEs) even if they meet the optimal SE maturation culture conditions during conifer somatic embryogenesis. This phenomenon hinders the progress of the industrial-scale reproduction of conifers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to obtain morphological and physiological markers to screen embryogenic calli in response to SE maturation conditions. To detect cell lines with high somatic embryogenesis potential during the proliferation process, we counted the number of pro-embryos and early SEs (ESEs) in different cell lines and storage substances, endogenous hormones, and polyamine contents. The results showed that the yield of P. koraiensis SEs was heavily dependent on genotype (p = 0.001). There were high levels of PE III (pro-embryo III) number, ESE number, and soluble protein content, in the response cell lines (R cell lines), which were 1.6-, 3-, and 1.1-fold those of the obstructive cell lines (B cell lines), respectively. The B cell line had high levels of starch, auxin (IAA), Put, Spd, and putrescine: spermine (Put: Spm) compared to the R cell line. In addition, the numbers of PE III, ESEs, and soluble protein content were significantly positively correlated with SE yield. In contrast, the contents of starch, abscisic acid (ABA), Put, Spm, and Spd were significantly negatively correlated with SE yield. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we used nine cell lines to test the results. The PE III and ESE numbers and the Spm and Spd contents were positively correlated with SE yield, while the levels of starch, ABA, IAA, Put: Spd, and Put: Spm were negatively correlated with SE yield. Thus, we recommend using high PE III and ESEs as morphological indicators and low levels of starch, IAA, ABA, and Put: Spm as physiological markers to screen cell lines with a high somatic embryogenesis potential. In addition, we also found that the relationship between Spd, Spm, and SE yield was opposite in the two experimental results. Therefore, we speculate that the differences in Spd and Spm content are mainly affected by genotype. In conclusion, this study obtained the morphological and physiological markers of some high-somatic embryogenic cell lines by comparing the differences between nine somatic embryogenic cell lines. Our results can guide the improvement of conifer somatic embryogenesis technology and can provide a theoretical basis for accelerating the application of biotechnology in large-scale artificial breeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Physiological Indicators for Screening Cell Lines with High Potential for Somatic Embryo Maturation at an Early Stage of Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Koraiensis

Peng

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Histological analysis showed the presence of a dense cytoplasm within the parent cell wall, a characteristic feature of somatic embryos. The same characteristics were evident in embryogenic cells of other species (Nunes et al 2018;Sun et al 2021). The polar migration of embryonic callus towards the tip consisting of meristematic cells was also evident during somatic embryogenesis in Cunninghamia lanceolata of zygotic embryo (Hu et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration in Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus Santalinus)

Chakraborty

Chaitanya

Akhtar

2022

Preprint

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Cotyledonary segments from the germinated immature zygotic embryo were used for somatic embryogenesis of red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus). It was established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5% sucrose and amalgamation of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). All treatments were responsive for callus induction with the frequency range between 36–97%. The attempts to obtain embryogenesis with 3% sucrose were ineffective since only non-embryonic callus was observed. The maximum frequency of embryogenic induction (69.44%) was obtained in 0.1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D; the data was not significantly (p < 0.05) different from the result obtained when 0.1 mg/l BAP and 4 mg/l 2,4-D were used. When explants were treated individually with growth regulators, the maximum (58.33%) frequency was produced by 4 mg/l 2,4-D. The BAP was completely ineffective when used individually. The maximum number of an advanced-stage embryo (2.85) was obtained with treatment 0.1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D. The maximum plantlets were developed (1.30) when the cotyledonary-staged embryo from 0.1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D were transferred to MS basal medium. The maturation and germination of somatic embryos were challenging, suggesting the need for molecular approaches through proteomic expression for mass production and understanding the evolution, structure, and genetic organization of the plant species. The plantlets obtained were acclimatized and survived in green house condition. Histological observation showed that the cells of the globular embryos had a dense cytoplasm and a long suspensor and used to distinguish between embryonic and non-embryonic cells.

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“…Our results for P. halepensis are in agreement with those found in other Pinus species such as P. patula (Malabadi and Van Staden, 2005), Pinus thunbergii Parl. (Sun et al, 2021), and Pinus elliottii Engelm. (Yang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Environment at Maturation Stage in Pinus spp. Somatic Embryogenesis: Implications in the Polyamine Profile of Somatic Embryos and Morphological Characteristics of the Developed Plantlets

Nascimento¹,

Polesi

Back

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Changes in the chemical environment at the maturation stage in Pinus spp. somatic embryogenesis will be a determinant factor in the conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. Furthermore, the study of biochemical and morphological aspects of the somatic embryos could enable the improvement of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus spp. In the present work, the influence of different amino acid combinations, carbohydrate sources, and concentrations at the maturation stage of Pinus radiata D. Don and Pinus halepensis Mill. was analyzed. In P. radiata, the maturation medium supplemented with 175 mM of sucrose and an increase in the amino acid mixture (1,100 mgL–1 of L-glutamine, 1,050 mgL–1 of L-asparagine, 350 mgL–1 of L-arginine, and 35 mgL–1 of L-proline) promoted bigger embryos, with a larger stem diameter and an increase in the number of roots in the germinated somatic embryos, improving the acclimatization success of this species. In P. halepensis, the maturation medium supplemented with 175 mM of maltose improved the germination of somatic embryos. The increase in the amount of amino acids in the maturation medium increased the levels of putrescine in the germinated somatic embryos of P. halepensis. We detected significant differences in the amounts of polyamines between somatic plantlets of P. radiata and P. halepensis; putrescine was less abundant in both species. For the first time, in P. radiata and P. halepensis somatic embryogenesis, we detected the presence of cadaverine, and its concentration changed according to the species.

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Evaluation of somatic embryo production during embryogenic tissue proliferation stage using morphology, maternal genotype, proliferation rate and tissue age of Pinus thunbergii Parl

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Morphological and Physiological Indicators for Screening Cell Lines with High Potential for Somatic Embryo Maturation at an Early Stage of Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Koraiensis

Morphological and Physiological Indicators for Screening Cell Lines with High Potential for Somatic Embryo Maturation at an Early Stage of Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus Koraiensis

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration in Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus Santalinus)

The Chemical Environment at Maturation Stage in Pinus spp. Somatic Embryogenesis: Implications in the Polyamine Profile of Somatic Embryos and Morphological Characteristics of the Developed Plantlets

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